جبن
See also: ختن
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ج ب ن (j-b-n) related with ductile, coward and pusillanimous things. Compare Hebrew גְּבִינָה (g'viná, “cheese”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d͡ʒubn/
Audio (file)
Noun
جُبْن • (jubn) m (collective, singulative جُبْنَة f (jubna), plural أَجْبَان (ʾajbān))
- cheese
Declension
Declension of noun جُبْن (jubn)
| Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | جُبْن jubn | الْجُبْن al-jubn | جُبْن jubn |
| Nominative | جُبْنٌ jubnun | الْجُبْنُ al-jubnu | جُبْنُ jubnu |
| Accusative | جُبْنًا jubnan | الْجُبْنَ al-jubna | جُبْنَ jubna |
| Genitive | جُبْنٍ jubnin | الْجُبْنِ al-jubni | جُبْنِ jubni |
| Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | جُبْنَة jubna | الْجُبْنَة al-jubna | جُبْنَة jubnat |
| Nominative | جُبْنَةٌ jubnatun | الْجُبْنَةُ al-jubnatu | جُبْنَةُ jubnatu |
| Accusative | جُبْنَةً jubnatan | الْجُبْنَةَ al-jubnata | جُبْنَةَ jubnata |
| Genitive | جُبْنَةٍ jubnatin | الْجُبْنَةِ al-jubnati | جُبْنَةِ jubnati |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | جُبْنَتَيْن jubnatayn | الْجُبْنَتَيْن al-jubnatayn | جُبْنَتَيْ jubnatay |
| Nominative | جُبْنَتَانِ jubnatāni | الْجُبْنَتَانِ al-jubnatāni | جُبْنَتَا jubnatā |
| Accusative | جُبْنَتَيْنِ jubnatayni | الْجُبْنَتَيْنِ al-jubnatayni | جُبْنَتَيْ jubnatay |
| Genitive | جُبْنَتَيْنِ jubnatayni | الْجُبْنَتَيْنِ al-jubnatayni | جُبْنَتَيْ jubnatay |
| Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | جُبْنَات jubnāt | الْجُبْنَات al-jubnāt | جُبْنَات jubnāt |
| Nominative | جُبْنَاتٌ jubnātun | الْجُبْنَاتُ al-jubnātu | جُبْنَاتُ jubnātu |
| Accusative | جُبْنَاتٍ jubnātin | الْجُبْنَاتِ al-jubnāti | جُبْنَاتِ jubnāti |
| Genitive | جُبْنَاتٍ jubnātin | الْجُبْنَاتِ al-jubnāti | جُبْنَاتِ jubnāti |
| Plural of variety | basic broken plural triptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | أَجْبَان ʾajbān | الْأَجْبَان al-ʾajbān | أَجْبَان ʾajbān |
| Nominative | أَجْبَانٌ ʾajbānun | الْأَجْبَانُ al-ʾajbānu | أَجْبَانُ ʾajbānu |
| Accusative | أَجْبَانًا ʾajbānan | الْأَجْبَانَ al-ʾajbāna | أَجْبَانَ ʾajbāna |
| Genitive | أَجْبَانٍ ʾajbānin | الْأَجْبَانِ al-ʾajbāni | أَجْبَانِ ʾajbāni |
Descendants
- → Swahili: jibini
Noun
جُبْن • (jubn) m
- verbal noun of جَبَنَ (jabana)
- verbal noun of جَبُنَ (jabuna)
- cowardice
Noun
جُبُن • (jubun) m pl
- plural of جَبِين (jabīn)
Verb
جُبْنَ • (jubna) (form I)
- second-person feminine plural active imperative of جَابَ (jāba)
- third-person feminine plural past active of جَابَ (jāba)
Verb
جِبْنَ • (jibna) (form I)
- second-person feminine plural active imperative of وَجَبَ (wajaba)
- third-person feminine plural past passive of جَابَ (jāba)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d͡ʒa.bu.na/
Verb
جَبُنَ • (jabuna) I, non-past يَجْبُنُ (yajbunu)
- to be cowardly
Conjugation
Conjugation of
جَبُنَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns جُبْن or حَبَانَة)| verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر | جُبْن or حَبَانَة jubn or ḥabāna | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | جَابِن jābin | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | جَبُنْتُ jabuntu | جَبُنْتَ jabunta | جَبُنَ jabuna | جَبُنْتُمَا jabuntumā | جَبُنَا jabunā | جَبُنَّا jabunnā | جَبُنْتُمْ jabuntum | جَبُنُوا jabunū | |||
| f | جَبُنْتِ jabunti | جَبُنَتْ jabunat | جَبُنَتَا jabunatā | جَبُنْتُنَّ jabuntunna | جَبُنَّ jabunna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَجْبُنُ ʾajbunu | تَجْبُنُ tajbunu | يَجْبُنُ yajbunu | تَجْبُنَانِ tajbunāni | يَجْبُنَانِ yajbunāni | نَجْبُنُ najbunu | تَجْبُنُونَ tajbunūna | يَجْبُنُونَ yajbunūna | |||
| f | تَجْبُنِينَ tajbunīna | تَجْبُنُ tajbunu | تَجْبُنَانِ tajbunāni | تَجْبُنَّ tajbunna | يَجْبُنَّ yajbunna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَجْبُنَ ʾajbuna | تَجْبُنَ tajbuna | يَجْبُنَ yajbuna | تَجْبُنَا tajbunā | يَجْبُنَا yajbunā | نَجْبُنَ najbuna | تَجْبُنُوا tajbunū | يَجْبُنُوا yajbunū | |||
| f | تَجْبُنِي tajbunī | تَجْبُنَ tajbuna | تَجْبُنَا tajbunā | تَجْبُنَّ tajbunna | يَجْبُنَّ yajbunna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَجْبُنْ ʾajbun | تَجْبُنْ tajbun | يَجْبُنْ yajbun | تَجْبُنَا tajbunā | يَجْبُنَا yajbunā | نَجْبُنْ najbun | تَجْبُنُوا tajbunū | يَجْبُنُوا yajbunū | |||
| f | تَجْبُنِي tajbunī | تَجْبُنْ tajbun | تَجْبُنَا tajbunā | تَجْبُنَّ tajbunna | يَجْبُنَّ yajbunna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر | m | اُجْبُنْ ujbun | اُجْبُنَا ujbunā | اُجْبُنُوا ujbunū | ||||||||
| f | اُجْبُنِي ujbunī | اُجْبُنَّ ujbunna | ||||||||||
References
- Баранов, Х. К. (2011), “جبن”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
- Corriente, Federico (2005), “جبن”, in Diccionario avanzado árabe (in Spanish), 2nd edition, Barcelona: Herder, page 146
- Freytag, Georg (1830), “جبن”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 263
Gulf Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic جُبْن (jubn).
Pronunciation
- (Kuwaiti Gulf Arabic) IPA(key): /d͡ʒɪbɪn/
Noun
جبن • (jibin) m (collective, singulative جبنة f (jibna), plural اجبان (ajbān))
- cheese
Moroccan Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic جُبْن (jubn).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒbun/, /ʒban/
Noun
جبُن or جبَن • (jbun or jban) m (collective, singulative جُبنة f (jubna) or جبنة f (jabna), plural جبان (jbān), paucal جُبنات (jubnāt) or جَبنات (jabnāt))
- cheese
- Synonym: فرماج (furmāj)
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic جُبْن (jubn, “cheese”).
Noun
جبن • (cübn)
- cheese, a dairy product made from curdled milk
- Synonym: پنیر (penir)
Derived terms
- جبنی (cübni, “pertaining to cheese”)
- حامض جبن (hamız-ı cübn, “caseic acid”)
Descendants
- Turkish: cübn
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “cübn”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 839
- Kélékian, Diran (1911), “جبن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 435
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Caseus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 157
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “جبن”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 1579
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “جبن”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 644
South Levantine Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| ج ب ن |
Etymology
From Arabic جُبْن (jubn).
Noun
جبن • (jibn) m (collective, singulative جبنة f (jibne), plural أجبان (ʔajbān))
- (uncountable) cheese