جاهل

جاهل

Arabic

Etymology

Derived from the active participle of جَهِلَ‎ (jahila, “to be ignorant”), from the root ج ه ل‎ (j-h-l).

Adjective

جَاهِل • (jāhil) (feminine جَاهِلَة‎ (jāhila), common plural جُهَّل‎ (juhhal), masculine plural جَاهِلُون‎ (jāhilūn) or جُهَّال‎ (juhhāl) or جُهَلَاء‎ (juhalāʾ) or جَهَلَة‎ (jahala), feminine plural جَاهِلَات‎ (jāhilāt) or جَوَاهِل‎ (jawāhil), elative أَجْهَل‎ (ʾajhal))

1. ignorant, uneducated
2. foolish
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 25:63:

     ‏وَعِبَادُ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلَّذِينَ يَمْشُونَ عَلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ هَوْنًا وَإِذَا خَاطَبَهُمُ ٱلْجَـٰهِلُونَ قَالُوا سَلَٰمًا‎

     waʿibādu r-raḥmāni llaḏīna yamšūna ʿalā l-ʾarḍi hawnan waʾiḏā ḵāṭabahumu l-jāhilūna qālū salāman

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

Declension

Declension of adjective جَاهِل (jāhil)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	جَاهِل jāhil	الْجَاهِل‎ al-jāhil	جَاهِلَة‎ jāhila	الْجَاهِلَة‎ al-jāhila
Nominative	جَاهِلٌ jāhilun	الْجَاهِلُ‎ al-jāhilu	جَاهِلَةٌ‎ jāhilatun	الْجَاهِلَةُ‎ al-jāhilatu
Accusative	جَاهِلًا‎ jāhilan	الْجَاهِلَ‎ al-jāhila	جَاهِلَةً‎ jāhilatan	الْجَاهِلَةَ‎ al-jāhilata
Genitive	جَاهِلٍ jāhilin	الْجَاهِلِ‎ al-jāhili	جَاهِلَةٍ‎ jāhilatin	الْجَاهِلَةِ‎ al-jāhilati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	جَاهِلَيْن‎ jāhilayn	الْجَاهِلَيْن‎ al-jāhilayn	جَاهِلَتَيْن‎ jāhilatayn	الْجَاهِلَتَيْن‎ al-jāhilatayn
Nominative	جَاهِلَانِ‎ jāhilāni	الْجَاهِلَانِ‎ al-jāhilāni	جَاهِلَتَانِ‎ jāhilatāni	الْجَاهِلَتَانِ‎ al-jāhilatāni
Accusative	جَاهِلَيْنِ‎ jāhilayni	الْجَاهِلَيْنِ‎ al-jāhilayni	جَاهِلَتَيْنِ‎ jāhilatayni	الْجَاهِلَتَيْنِ‎ al-jāhilatayni
Genitive	جَاهِلَيْنِ‎ jāhilayni	الْجَاهِلَيْنِ‎ al-jāhilayni	جَاهِلَتَيْنِ‎ jāhilatayni	الْجَاهِلَتَيْنِ‎ al-jāhilatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	sound masculine plural‎; basic broken plural triptote‎; basic broken plural diptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)		sound feminine plural‎; basic broken plural diptote‎; basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	جَاهِلِين‎‎; جُهَّال‎‎; جُهَلَاء‎‎; جَهَلَة‎‎; جُهَّل‎ jāhilīn‎; juhhāl‎; juhalāʾ‎; jahala‎; juhhal	الْجَاهِلِين‎‎; الْجُهَّال‎‎; الْجُهَلَاء‎‎; الْجَهَلَة‎‎; الْجُهَّل‎ al-jāhilīn‎; al-juhhāl‎; al-juhalāʾ‎; al-jahala‎; al-juhhal	جَاهِلَات‎‎; جَوَاهِل‎‎; جُهَّل‎ jāhilāt‎; jawāhil‎; juhhal	الْجَاهِلَات‎‎; الْجَوَاهِل‎‎; الْجُهَّل‎ al-jāhilāt‎; al-jawāhil‎; al-juhhal
Nominative	جَاهِلُونَ‎‎; جُهَّالٌ‎‎; جُهَلَاءُ‎‎; جَهَلَةٌ‎‎; جُهَّلٌ‎ jāhilūna‎; juhhālun‎; juhalāʾu‎; jahalatun‎; juhhalun	الْجَاهِلُونَ‎‎; الْجُهَّالُ‎‎; الْجُهَلَاءُ‎‎; الْجَهَلَةُ‎‎; الْجُهَّلُ‎ al-jāhilūna‎; al-juhhālu‎; al-juhalāʾu‎; al-jahalatu‎; al-juhhalu	جَاهِلَاتٌ‎‎; جَوَاهِلُ‎‎; جُهَّلٌ‎ jāhilātun‎; jawāhilu‎; juhhalun	الْجَاهِلَاتُ‎‎; الْجَوَاهِلُ‎‎; الْجُهَّلُ‎ al-jāhilātu‎; al-jawāhilu‎; al-juhhalu
Accusative	جَاهِلِينَ‎‎; جُهَّالًا‎‎; جُهَلَاءَ‎‎; جَهَلَةً‎‎; جُهَّلًا‎ jāhilīna‎; juhhālan‎; juhalāʾa‎; jahalatan‎; juhhalan	الْجَاهِلِينَ‎‎; الْجُهَّالَ‎‎; الْجُهَلَاءَ‎‎; الْجَهَلَةَ‎‎; الْجُهَّلَ‎ al-jāhilīna‎; al-juhhāla‎; al-juhalāʾa‎; al-jahalata‎; al-juhhala	جَاهِلَاتٍ‎‎; جَوَاهِلَ‎‎; جُهَّلًا‎ jāhilātin‎; jawāhila‎; juhhalan	الْجَاهِلَاتِ‎‎; الْجَوَاهِلَ‎‎; الْجُهَّلَ‎ al-jāhilāti‎; al-jawāhila‎; al-juhhala
Genitive	جَاهِلِينَ‎‎; جُهَّالٍ‎‎; جُهَلَاءَ‎‎; جَهَلَةٍ‎‎; جُهَّلٍ‎ jāhilīna‎; juhhālin‎; juhalāʾa‎; jahalatin‎; juhhalin	الْجَاهِلِينَ‎‎; الْجُهَّالِ‎‎; الْجُهَلَاءِ‎‎; الْجَهَلَةِ‎‎; الْجُهَّلِ‎ al-jāhilīna‎; al-juhhāli‎; al-juhalāʾi‎; al-jahalati‎; al-juhhali	جَاهِلَاتٍ‎‎; جَوَاهِلَ‎‎; جُهَّلٍ‎ jāhilātin‎; jawāhila‎; juhhalin	الْجَاهِلَاتِ‎‎; الْجَوَاهِلِ‎‎; الْجُهَّلِ‎ al-jāhilāti‎; al-jawāhili‎; al-juhhali

Antonyms

• عَالِم‎ (ʿālim)

Descendants

• Gulf Arabic: ياهل‎ (yāhil, “kid, child”)
• → Azerbaijani: cahil
• → Georgian: ჯეილი (ǯeili, “youngster”), ჯეელი (ǯeeli)
• → Lishana Deni: גׄחל‎ (jaḥəl)
• → Malay: jahil
• → Middle Armenian: ջահիլ (ǰahil)
  • Armenian: ջահիլ (ǰahil)
• → Northern Kurdish: cahil (“ignorant”), cehêl (“young”)
• → Ottoman Turkish: جاهل‎ (cahil)
  • Turkish: cahil
• → Persian: جاهل‎ (jâhel)
  • → Uzbek: johil
  • → Armenian: ջահել (ǰahel)
  • → Romani: ʒukel (possibly)

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Moroccan Arabic

Root
ج ه ل‎
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic جَاهِل‎ (jāhil).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒaː.hil/

Adjective

جاهل • (jāhil) (feminine جاهلة‎ (jāhla), common plural جهال‎ (juhhāl) or جهلة‎ (juhala), masculine plural جاهلين‎ (jāhlīn), feminine plural جاهلات‎ (jāhlāt), elative جهل‎ (jhal) or أجهل‎ (ʔajhal))

1. ignorant, illiterate, uneducated
2. having a blind rage

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Northern Kurdish

Adjective

جاهل (cahil)

1. Arabic spelling of cahil

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Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic جاهل‎.

Adjective

جاهل • (cahil)

1. ignorant, idiot

   Synonyms: بلمز‎ (bilmez), نادان‎ (nadan)

Derived terms

• جاهللك‎ (cahillik, “ignorance”)

Descendants

• Turkish: cahil

References

• Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “جاهل”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français, Vienna: F. Beck, page 178

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Persian

Etymology

From Arabic جَاهِل‎ (jāhil).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian): IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɑːhil/

• (Dari): IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɒːhɪl/

• (Iranian Persian): IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɒːhel/
• (Tajik): IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɔːhil/

Adjective

Dari	جاهل
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҷоҳил (johil)

جاهل • (jâhel) (comparative جاهل‌تَر‎ (jâhel-tar), superlative جاهل‌تَرین‎ (jâhel-tarin))

1. foolish, unwise
2. ignorant, uninformed
3. (informal, now rare) young

Synonyms

• نادان‎ (nâdân)

References

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “جاهل”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press