جان
Arabic
Etymology 1
Derived from the active participle of جَنَى (janā, “to gather, to harvest; to commit a crime”), form the root ج ن ي (j-n-y).
Adjective
جَانٍ • (jānin) (informal جَانِي (jānī), feminine جَانِيَة (jāniya), masculine plural جُنَاة (junāh) or جَانُونَ (jānūna), feminine plural جَانِيَات (jāniyāt))
- guilty, delinquent, criminal, flagrant, vicious, evil
Declension
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular triptote in ـٍ (-in) | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | جَانِي jānī | الْجَانِي al-jānī | جَانِيَة jāniya | الْجَانِيَة al-jāniya |
Nominative | جَانٍ jānin | الْجَانِي al-jānī | جَانِيَةٌ jāniyatun | الْجَانِيَةُ al-jāniyatu |
Accusative | جَانِيًا jāniyan | الْجَانِيَ al-jāniya | جَانِيَةً jāniyatan | الْجَانِيَةَ al-jāniyata |
Genitive | جَانٍ jānin | الْجَانِي al-jānī | جَانِيَةٍ jāniyatin | الْجَانِيَةِ al-jāniyati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | جَانِيَيْن jāniyayn | الْجَانِيَيْن al-jāniyayn | جَانِيَتَيْن jāniyatayn | الْجَانِيَتَيْن al-jāniyatayn |
Nominative | جَانِيَانِ jāniyāni | الْجَانِيَانِ al-jāniyāni | جَانِيَتَانِ jāniyatāni | الْجَانِيَتَانِ al-jāniyatāni |
Accusative | جَانِيَيْنِ jāniyayni | الْجَانِيَيْنِ al-jāniyayni | جَانِيَتَيْنِ jāniyatayni | الْجَانِيَتَيْنِ al-jāniyatayni |
Genitive | جَانِيَيْنِ jāniyayni | الْجَانِيَيْنِ al-jāniyayni | جَانِيَتَيْنِ jāniyatayni | الْجَانِيَتَيْنِ al-jāniyatayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
broken plural triptote in ـَاة (-āh); sound masculine plural | sound feminine plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | جُنَاة; جَانِين junāt; jānīn | الْجُنَاة; الْجَانِين al-junāt; al-jānīn | جَانِيَات jāniyāt | الْجَانِيَات al-jāniyāt |
Nominative | جُنَاةٌ; جَانُونَ junātun; jānūna | الْجُنَاةُ; الْجَانُونَ al-junātu; al-jānūna | جَانِيَاتٌ jāniyātun | الْجَانِيَاتُ al-jāniyātu |
Accusative | جُنَاةً; جَانِينَ junātan; jānīna | الْجُنَاةَ; الْجَانِينَ al-junāta; al-jānīna | جَانِيَاتٍ jāniyātin | الْجَانِيَاتِ al-jāniyāti |
Genitive | جُنَاةٍ; جَانِينَ junātin; jānīna | الْجُنَاةِ; الْجَانِينَ al-junāti; al-jānīna | جَانِيَاتٍ jāniyātin | الْجَانِيَاتِ al-jāniyāti |
Noun
جَانٍ • (jānin) m (construct state جَانِي (jānī), plural جَانُونَ (jānūna) or جُنَاة (junāh), feminine جَانِيَة (jāniya))
- gatherer, harvester, harvestman, reaper
- perpetrator, offender, delinquent, criminal, culprit, felon, evildoer
Declension
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular triptote in ـٍ (-in) | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | جَانِي jānī | الْجَانِي al-jānī | جَانِي jānī | جَانِيَة jāniya | الْجَانِيَة al-jāniya | جَانِيَة jāniyat |
Nominative | جَانٍ jānin | الْجَانِي al-jānī | جَانِي jānī | جَانِيَةٌ jāniyatun | الْجَانِيَةُ al-jāniyatu | جَانِيَةُ jāniyatu |
Accusative | جَانِيًا jāniyan | الْجَانِيَ al-jāniya | جَانِيَ jāniya | جَانِيَةً jāniyatan | الْجَانِيَةَ al-jāniyata | جَانِيَةَ jāniyata |
Genitive | جَانٍ jānin | الْجَانِي al-jānī | جَانِي jānī | جَانِيَةٍ jāniyatin | الْجَانِيَةِ al-jāniyati | جَانِيَةِ jāniyati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | جَانِيَيْن jāniyayn | الْجَانِيَيْن al-jāniyayn | جَانِيَيْ jāniyay | جَانِيَتَيْن jāniyatayn | الْجَانِيَتَيْن al-jāniyatayn | جَانِيَتَيْ jāniyatay |
Nominative | جَانِيَانِ jāniyāni | الْجَانِيَانِ al-jāniyāni | جَانِيَا jāniyā | جَانِيَتَانِ jāniyatāni | الْجَانِيَتَانِ al-jāniyatāni | جَانِيَتَا jāniyatā |
Accusative | جَانِيَيْنِ jāniyayni | الْجَانِيَيْنِ al-jāniyayni | جَانِيَيْ jāniyay | جَانِيَتَيْنِ jāniyatayni | الْجَانِيَتَيْنِ al-jāniyatayni | جَانِيَتَيْ jāniyatay |
Genitive | جَانِيَيْنِ jāniyayni | الْجَانِيَيْنِ al-jāniyayni | جَانِيَيْ jāniyay | جَانِيَتَيْنِ jāniyatayni | الْجَانِيَتَيْنِ al-jāniyatayni | جَانِيَتَيْ jāniyatay |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
sound masculine plural; broken plural triptote in ـَاة (-āh) | sound feminine plural | |||||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | جَانِين; جُنَاة jānīn; junāt | الْجَانِين; الْجُنَاة al-jānīn; al-junāt | جَانِي; جُنَاة jānī; junāt | جَانِيَات jāniyāt | الْجَانِيَات al-jāniyāt | جَانِيَات jāniyāt |
Nominative | جَانُونَ; جُنَاةٌ jānūna; junātun | الْجَانُونَ; الْجُنَاةُ al-jānūna; al-junātu | جَانُو; جُنَاةُ jānū; junātu | جَانِيَاتٌ jāniyātun | الْجَانِيَاتُ al-jāniyātu | جَانِيَاتُ jāniyātu |
Accusative | جَانِينَ; جُنَاةً jānīna; junātan | الْجَانِينَ; الْجُنَاةَ al-jānīna; al-junāta | جَانِي; جُنَاةَ jānī; junāta | جَانِيَاتٍ jāniyātin | الْجَانِيَاتِ al-jāniyāti | جَانِيَاتِ jāniyāti |
Genitive | جَانِينَ; جُنَاةٍ jānīna; junātin | الْجَانِينَ; الْجُنَاةِ al-jānīna; al-junāti | جَانِي; جُنَاةِ jānī; junāti | جَانِيَاتٍ jāniyātin | الْجَانِيَاتِ al-jāniyāti | جَانِيَاتِ jāniyāti |
Etymology 2
Has the form derived from the active participle, as if from جَنَّ (janna, “to hide”) (in the passive جُنَّ (junna, “to go crazy”)), from the root ج ن ن (j-n-n).
Noun
جَانّ • (jānn) m (plural جِنَّان (jinnān) or جَوَانّ (jawānn))
- snake, serpent
- jann, forefathers of the race of jinn
- (rare or Classical Arabic) a jinn
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 55:74:
- لَمْ يَطْمِثْهُنَّ إِنْسٌ قَبْلَهُمْ وَلَا جَانٌّ
- lam yaṭmiṯhunna ʾinsun qablahum walā jānnun
- touched them has not mankind before them nor a jinn.
-
- a serpentine or draconic class of the jinn
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | جَانّ jānn | الْجَانّ al-jānn | جَانّ jānn |
Nominative | جَانٌّ jānnun | الْجَانُّ al-jānnu | جَانُّ jānnu |
Accusative | جَانًّا jānnan | الْجَانَّ al-jānna | جَانَّ jānna |
Genitive | جَانٍّ jānnin | الْجَانِّ al-jānni | جَانِّ jānni |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | جَانَّيْن jānnayn | الْجَانَّيْن al-jānnayn | جَانَّيْ jānnay |
Nominative | جَانَّانِ jānnāni | الْجَانَّانِ al-jānnāni | جَانَّا jānnā |
Accusative | جَانَّيْنِ jānnayni | الْجَانَّيْنِ al-jānnayni | جَانَّيْ jānnay |
Genitive | جَانَّيْنِ jānnayni | الْجَانَّيْنِ al-jānnayni | جَانَّيْ jānnay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote; basic broken plural diptote; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | جِنَّان; جَوَانّ; جِنّ; جِنَّة jinnān; jawānn; jinn; jinna | الْجِنَّان; الْجَوَانّ; الْجِنّ; الْجِنَّة al-jinnān; al-jawānn; al-jinn; al-jinna | جِنَّان; جَوَانّ; جِنّ; جِنَّة jinnān; jawānn; jinn; jinnat |
Nominative | جِنَّانٌ; جَوَانُّ; جِنٌّ; جِنَّةٌ jinnānun; jawānnu; jinnun; jinnatun | الْجِنَّانُ; الْجَوَانُّ; الْجِنُّ; الْجِنَّةُ al-jinnānu; al-jawānnu; al-jinnu; al-jinnatu | جِنَّانُ; جَوَانُّ; جِنُّ; جِنَّةُ jinnānu; jawānnu; jinnu; jinnatu |
Accusative | جِنَّانًا; جَوَانَّ; جِنًّا; جِنَّةً jinnānan; jawānna; jinnan; jinnatan | الْجِنَّانَ; الْجَوَانَّ; الْجِنَّ; الْجِنَّةَ al-jinnāna; al-jawānna; al-jinna; al-jinnata | جِنَّانَ; جَوَانَّ; جِنَّ; جِنَّةَ jinnāna; jawānna; jinna; jinnata |
Genitive | جِنَّانٍ; جَوَانَّ; جِنٍّ; جِنَّةٍ jinnānin; jawānna; jinnin; jinnatin | الْجِنَّانِ; الْجَوَانِّ; الْجِنِّ; الْجِنَّةِ al-jinnāni; al-jawānni; al-jinni; al-jinnati | جِنَّانِ; جَوَانِّ; جِنِّ; جِنَّةِ jinnāni; jawānni; jinni; jinnati |
Related terms
- جِنّ (jinn, “jinn”)
- نَسْنَاس (nasnās, “nasnas”)
- غُول (ḡūl, “ghoul”)
Azerbaijani
Noun
جان (can) (definite accusative جانێ (canı), plural جانلار (canlar))
- Arabic spelling of can (“life, soul”)
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | جان | جانلار |
definite accusative | جانێ | جانلارێ |
dative | جانا | جانلارا |
locative | جاندا | جانلاردا |
ablative | جاندان | جانلاردان |
definite genitive | جانێن | جانلارێن |
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Persian جان (jân, “soul, vital spirit, life”).
Noun
جان • (can)
- soul
- being
- life
- heart
- darling
Descendants
- Turkish: can
- Albanian: xhan
- Macedonian: џан (džan)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: џан
- Latin: džan
Suffix
جان • (can)
- Suffix expressing intimacy, roughly equivalent to dear or darling, attached to a name or title
Persian
Etymology 1
From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (HYA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (yʾn'), 𐫃𐫏𐫀𐫗 (gyʾn /gyān/, “soul, ghost”), from Proto-Iranian *wyaHnáH (equivalent to*wi- + *HanH- (“to breathe”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wyaHnás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”), whence, for example, Latin animus.
Cognate with Northern Kurdish giyan, Central Kurdish گیان (gyan), Southern Kurdish گیان (gyan), Lishana Deni גיאנא, Avestan 𐬬𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁 (viiānaiiā), Sanskrit व्यान (vyāná).
Alternative forms
- جون (jun)
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ân
- (Classical Persian): IPA(key): /d͡ʒɑːn/
- (Dari): IPA(key): /d͡ʒɒːn/
- (Iranian Persian): IPA(key): /d͡ʒɒːn/
- (Tehrani): IPA(key): /d͡ʒuːn/
- (Tajik): IPA(key): /d͡ʒɔːn/
Noun
جان • (jân) (plural جانها (jân-hâ))
Dari | جان |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | ҷон (jon) |
- soul
- جان خود را از دست دادن ― jân-e xod râ az dast dâdan ― to lose one's life, to pass away
- being
- life
Suffix
جان • (jân)
- Suffix expressing intimacy, roughly equivalent to dear or darling, attached to a name or title.
Interjection
جان • (jân!)
- exclamation of joy, pleasure
Derived terms
- آخ جان! (âx jân), آخ جون! (âx jun)
Descendants
- → Middle Armenian: ջան (ǰan)
- → Armenian: ջան (ǰan), ճան (čan)
- → Russian: джан (džan)
- → Armenian: ջան (ǰan), ճան (čan)
- → Azerbaijani: can
- → Bashkir: йән (yän)
- → Chuvash: чун (čun)
- → Georgian: ჯანი (ǯani)
- Hindustani:
- → Hindi: जान (jān)
- → Urdu: جان (jān)
- → Bengali: জান (jan)
- → Kazakh: жан (jan)
- Kurdish:
- → Central Kurdish: جان (can)
- → Northern Kurdish: can
- → Kyrgyz: жан (jan)
- → Ottoman Turkish: جان (can)
- Turkish: can
- Albanian: xhan
- Macedonian: џан (džan)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: џан
- Latin: džan
- → Pashto: جان (ǰān)
- → Sindhi: جان (jān)
- → Tatar: җан (can)
- → Old Azari: جان (ǰān)
- → Turkmen: jan
- → Uyghur: جان (jan)
- → Uzbek: jon
References
- Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 161
Etymology 2
Borrowed from English John.
Proper noun
جان • (jân)
- a male given name, John, from English
- جان کری ― jân keri ― John Kerry
Usage notes
- to prevent confusion with the intimate suffix/title جان (jân), the names John, Jean, Jaan, and other related names are more commonly transcribed as ژان (žân).
Punjabi
Etymology
Borrowed from Persian جان (jān).
Noun
جان • (jān) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਜਾਨ)
- life
- Synonyms: زندگی (zndgī), جیون (jevn), جندڑی (jndṛī), حیات (ḥiyat)
- soul
- Synonyms: آتما (ātmā), روح (roḥ)
Sindhi
Etymology
Borrowed from Persian جان (jân).
Noun
جان (jān)
- life; soul
Urdu
Etymology
From Persian جان (jān).
Noun
جان • (jān) f (Hindi spelling जान)
- life, soul
- spirit, vitality
Declension
Declension of جان | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | جان (jān) | جانیں (jānẽ) |
oblique | جان (jān) | جانوں (jānõ) |
vocative | جان (jān) | جانو (jāno) |
Uyghur
Etymology
Borrowed from Persian جان (jân, “soul, vital spirit, life”).
Noun
جان • (jan)
- soul
- spirit
- life
- جېنىم ― jénim ― my dear
- person
- dear
- جان ئانا ― jan ana ― my dear mother