تين
See also: پين, بين, بین, ب ي ن, and تین
Arabic
تِين
Etymology
While one reconstruct a Proto-Semitic *tiʔin-, *taʔin-, which may well be true owning the presence of the word in Old Akkadian, that would have yielded a retained glottal stop in Arabic as بِئْر (biʾr), were the Arabic word inherited vocabulary, for which case also limited fig cultivation in barren Arabia must be considered, therefore the present term is deemed borrowed from Aramaic תינה / ܬܝܢܐ (tēnā) – it is left open whether the singulative or collective came first. Compare Arabic بَلَس (balas, “fig”) seemingly borrowed from South Semitic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tiːn/
Noun
تِين • (tīn) m (collective, singulative تِينَة f (tīna))
- fig (fruit and tree)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 95:1:
- وَٱلتِّينِ وَٱلزَّيْتُونِ
- wat-tīni waz-zaytūni
- By the fig and the olive
-
Declension
Declension of noun تِين (tīn)
| Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | تِين tīn | التِّين at-tīn | تِين tīn |
| Nominative | تِينٌ tīnun | التِّينُ at-tīnu | تِينُ tīnu |
| Accusative | تِينًا tīnan | التِّينَ at-tīna | تِينَ tīna |
| Genitive | تِينٍ tīnin | التِّينِ at-tīni | تِينِ tīni |
| Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | تِينَة tīna | التِّينَة at-tīna | تِينَة tīnat |
| Nominative | تِينَةٌ tīnatun | التِّينَةُ at-tīnatu | تِينَةُ tīnatu |
| Accusative | تِينَةً tīnatan | التِّينَةَ at-tīnata | تِينَةَ tīnata |
| Genitive | تِينَةٍ tīnatin | التِّينَةِ at-tīnati | تِينَةِ tīnati |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | تِينَتَيْن tīnatayn | التِّينَتَيْن at-tīnatayn | تِينَتَيْ tīnatay |
| Nominative | تِينَتَانِ tīnatāni | التِّينَتَانِ at-tīnatāni | تِينَتَا tīnatā |
| Accusative | تِينَتَيْنِ tīnatayni | التِّينَتَيْنِ at-tīnatayni | تِينَتَيْ tīnatay |
| Genitive | تِينَتَيْنِ tīnatayni | التِّينَتَيْنِ at-tīnatayni | تِينَتَيْ tīnatay |
| Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | تِينَات tīnāt | التِّينَات at-tīnāt | تِينَات tīnāt |
| Nominative | تِينَاتٌ tīnātun | التِّينَاتُ at-tīnātu | تِينَاتُ tīnātu |
| Accusative | تِينَاتٍ tīnātin | التِّينَاتِ at-tīnāti | تِينَاتِ tīnāti |
| Genitive | تِينَاتٍ tīnātin | التِّينَاتِ at-tīnāti | تِينَاتِ tīnāti |
Descendants
- Egyptian Arabic: تين (tīn)
- → Ottoman Turkish: تین (tin)
- → Turkish: tin
- → Swahili: tini
References
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 148
- Guidi, Ignazio (1879) Della sede primitiva dei popoli semitici (in Italian), Rome: Tipi del Salviucci, page 36
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 96–97
- Lagarde, Paul de (1881), “I. Ueber die semitischen Namen des Feigenbaums und der Feige. II. Astarte. III. Die syrischen Wörter נסיון und גליון. IV. Das hebräische עני”, in Nachrichten von der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (in German), issue 15, pages 368–408
- Laufer, Berthold (1919) Sino-Iranica: Chinese contributions to the history of civilization in ancient Iran, with special reference to the history of cultivated plants and products (Fieldiana, Anthropology; 15), volume 3, Chicago: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, page 411
- Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 225
- Müller, David Heinrich (1887), “Arabisch-aramäische Glossen”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes (in German), volume 1, page 26
- van Putten, Marijn (2017), “The illusory Yemenite connection of Andalusi Arabic”, in Zeitschrift für Arabische Linguistik, volume 66, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, DOI:, page 26