توج
See also: بوح, پوچ, and بوچ
Arabic
Etymology 1
Denominal verb of تَاج (tāj, “crown”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /taw.wa.d͡ʒa/
Verb
تَوَّجَ • (tawwaja) II, non-past يُتَوِّجُ (yutawwiju)
- to crown
- تُوِّجَ اللَّاعِبُ بَطَلًا. ― tuwwija l-lāʕibu baṭalan. ― The athlete was crowned champion.
Conjugation
Conjugation of
تَوَّجَ
(form-II sound)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | تَتْوِيج tatwīj | |||||||||||
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active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | مُتَوِّج mutawwij | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مُتَوَّج mutawwaj | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | تَوَّجْتُ tawwajtu | تَوَّجْتَ tawwajta | تَوَّجَ tawwaja | تَوَّجْتُمَا tawwajtumā | تَوَّجَا tawwajā | تَوَّجْنَا tawwajnā | تَوَّجْتُمْ tawwajtum | تَوَّجُوا tawwajū | |||
f | تَوَّجْتِ tawwajti | تَوَّجَتْ tawwajat | تَوَّجَتَا tawwajatā | تَوَّجْتُنَّ tawwajtunna | تَوَّجْنَ tawwajna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُتَوِّجُ ʔutawwiju | تُتَوِّجُ tutawwiju | يُتَوِّجُ yutawwiju | تُتَوِّجَانِ tutawwijāni | يُتَوِّجَانِ yutawwijāni | نُتَوِّجُ nutawwiju | تُتَوِّجُونَ tutawwijūna | يُتَوِّجُونَ yutawwijūna | |||
f | تُتَوِّجِينَ tutawwijīna | تُتَوِّجُ tutawwiju | تُتَوِّجَانِ tutawwijāni | تُتَوِّجْنَ tutawwijna | يُتَوِّجْنَ yutawwijna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُتَوِّجَ ʔutawwija | تُتَوِّجَ tutawwija | يُتَوِّجَ yutawwija | تُتَوِّجَا tutawwijā | يُتَوِّجَا yutawwijā | نُتَوِّجَ nutawwija | تُتَوِّجُوا tutawwijū | يُتَوِّجُوا yutawwijū | |||
f | تُتَوِّجِي tutawwijī | تُتَوِّجَ tutawwija | تُتَوِّجَا tutawwijā | تُتَوِّجْنَ tutawwijna | يُتَوِّجْنَ yutawwijna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُتَوِّجْ ʔutawwij | تُتَوِّجْ tutawwij | يُتَوِّجْ yutawwij | تُتَوِّجَا tutawwijā | يُتَوِّجَا yutawwijā | نُتَوِّجْ nutawwij | تُتَوِّجُوا tutawwijū | يُتَوِّجُوا yutawwijū | |||
f | تُتَوِّجِي tutawwijī | تُتَوِّجْ tutawwij | تُتَوِّجَا tutawwijā | تُتَوِّجْنَ tutawwijna | يُتَوِّجْنَ yutawwijna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | تَوِّجْ tawwij | تَوِّجَا tawwijā | تَوِّجُوا tawwijū | ||||||||
f | تَوِّجِي tawwijī | تَوِّجْنَ tawwijna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | تُوِّجْتُ tuwwijtu | تُوِّجْتَ tuwwijta | تُوِّجَ tuwwija | تُوِّجْتُمَا tuwwijtumā | تُوِّجَا tuwwijā | تُوِّجْنَا tuwwijnā | تُوِّجْتُمْ tuwwijtum | تُوِّجُوا tuwwijū | |||
f | تُوِّجْتِ tuwwijti | تُوِّجَتْ tuwwijat | تُوِّجَتَا tuwwijatā | تُوِّجْتُنَّ tuwwijtunna | تُوِّجْنَ tuwwijna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُتَوَّجُ ʔutawwaju | تُتَوَّجُ tutawwaju | يُتَوَّجُ yutawwaju | تُتَوَّجَانِ tutawwajāni | يُتَوَّجَانِ yutawwajāni | نُتَوَّجُ nutawwaju | تُتَوَّجُونَ tutawwajūna | يُتَوَّجُونَ yutawwajūna | |||
f | تُتَوَّجِينَ tutawwajīna | تُتَوَّجُ tutawwaju | تُتَوَّجَانِ tutawwajāni | تُتَوَّجْنَ tutawwajna | يُتَوَّجْنَ yutawwajna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُتَوَّجَ ʔutawwaja | تُتَوَّجَ tutawwaja | يُتَوَّجَ yutawwaja | تُتَوَّجَا tutawwajā | يُتَوَّجَا yutawwajā | نُتَوَّجَ nutawwaja | تُتَوَّجُوا tutawwajū | يُتَوَّجُوا yutawwajū | |||
f | تُتَوَّجِي tutawwajī | تُتَوَّجَ tutawwaja | تُتَوَّجَا tutawwajā | تُتَوَّجْنَ tutawwajna | يُتَوَّجْنَ yutawwajna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُتَوَّجْ ʔutawwaj | تُتَوَّجْ tutawwaj | يُتَوَّجْ yutawwaj | تُتَوَّجَا tutawwajā | يُتَوَّجَا yutawwajā | نُتَوَّجْ nutawwaj | تُتَوَّجُوا tutawwajū | يُتَوَّجُوا yutawwajū | |||
f | تُتَوَّجِي tutawwajī | تُتَوَّجْ tutawwaj | تُتَوَّجَا tutawwajā | تُتَوَّجْنَ tutawwajna | يُتَوَّجْنَ yutawwajna |
Etymology 2
From Ottoman Turkish توج (tuc, tuç).
Alternative forms
- تُونْج (tunj)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tuːd͡ʒ/
Noun
تُوج • (tūj) m
- (archaic) bronze
- Synonyms: فِلِزّ (filizz), بُرُونْز (burūnz)
Declension
Declension of noun تُوج (tūj)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | تُوج tūj | التُّوج at-tūj | تُوج tūj |
Nominative | تُوجٌ tūjun | التُّوجُ at-tūju | تُوجُ tūju |
Accusative | تُوجًا tūjan | التُّوجَ at-tūja | تُوجَ tūja |
Genitive | تُوجٍ tūjin | التُّوجِ at-tūji | تُوجِ tūji |
References
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “توج”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 154b
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “تونج”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 147b
Ottoman Turkish
Alternative forms
- تونج (tunc, tunç), طونج (tunc, tunç).
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 銅 (MC duŋ, “bronze”).
Noun
تۉج • (tuc, tuç)
- bronze
Descendants
- Turkish: tunç
- → Albanian: tuç, tunxh, tunsh, tuç, trunç, trunxh, truxh (archaic)
- → Arabic: تُوج (tūj), تُونْج (tunj) (archaic)
- → Armenian: թուջ (tʿuǰ)
- → Aromanian: tuciu, tunge, tungiu
- → Bulgarian: туч (tuč), тунч (tunč) (archaic)
- → Crimean Tatar: tunç, tuç
- → Georgian:
- → Greek: τούντζι (toúntzi), τούντζυ (toúntzy)
- → Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: tûnc, tunc, tûc
- → Macedonian: туч (tuč) (archaic)
- → Persian: توج (tūj) (archaic)
- → Romanian: tuci
- → Serbo-Croatian: (archaic)
- Cyrillic: ту̏ч
- Latin: tȕč
References
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 449, calls تونج (tunc, tunç) a more recent and secondary formation, and the Persian a Turkish loanword
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission) (in German), volume 4, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 276–277, but here the Kurdish is said from Azerbaijani
- Kélékian, Diran (1911), “توج”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 411b
- Kélékian, Diran (1911), “تونج”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 418a
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “توج”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 1453, does not even have the recent تونج (tunc, tunç) variant
- Поленаковиќ, Харалампие (2007), “1546. TÚNGSE”, in Зузана Тополињска, Петар Атанасов, editors, Турските елементи во ароманскиот, put into Macedonian from the author’s Serbo-Croatian Turski elementi u aromunskom dijalektu (1939, unpublished) by Веселинка Лаброска, Скопје: Македонска академија на науките и уметностите, →ISBN, page 187
South Levantine Arabic
Root |
---|
ت و ج |
Etymology
From Arabic تَوَّجَ (tawwaja).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /taw.waʒ/, [ˈtaw.waʒ], [ˈtaw.wad͡ʒ]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)
Verb
توّج • (tawwaj) (form II, present بتوّج (bitawwej))
- to crown
Conjugation
Conjugation of توّج (tawwaj) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | توّجت (tawwajt) | توّجت (tawwajt) | توّج (tawwaj) | توّجنا (tawwajna) | توّجتو (tawwajtu) | توّجو (tawwaju) | |
f | توّجتي (tawwajti) | توّجت (tawwajat) | ||||||
present | m | بتوّج (batawwej) | بتتوّج (bittawwej) | بتوّج (bitawwej) | منتوّج (mintawwej) | بتتوّجو (bittawwju) | بتوّجو (bitawwju) | |
f | بتتوّجي (bittawwji) | بتتوّج (bittawwej) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | اتوّج (atawwej) | تتوّج (ttawwej) | يتوّج (ytawwej) | نتوّج (ntawwej) | تتوّجو (ttawwju) | يتوّجو (ytawwju) | |
f | تتوّجي (ttawwji) | تتوّج (ttawwej) | ||||||
imperative | m | توّج (tawwej) | توّجو (tawwju) | |||||
f | توّجي (tawwji) |