ترياق
Arabic
FWOTD – 27 December 2013
Alternative forms
- دِرْيَاق (diryāq), تِرْيَاقَة (tiryāqa)
Etymology
From Aramaic תִּירְיָיקָא / תִּרְיָיקָא / תִּירְיָאקָא / תִּרְיָאקָא (teryāqā), תִּירְיָיקִי / תִּרְיָיקִי / תִּירְיָקִי / תִּרְיָקִי (teryāqī) / ܬܸܪܝܲܩܹܐ / ܬܸܪܝܲܩܹܝ (teryaqē), from Ancient Greek θηριακή (thēriakḗ, “antidote”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tir.jaːq/
Noun
تِرْيَاق • (tiryāq) m (plural تَرَايِيق (tarāyīq))
- antidote, counter-remedy, panacea, antitoxin, theriac, treacle
- Synonyms: شِيلْثَا (šīlṯā), مُضَادّ (muḍādd)
- 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 36:215:
- إِنَّ فِي عَجْوَةِ العَالِيَةِ شِفَاءً أَوْ إِنَّهَا تِرْيَاقٌ أَوَّلَ البُكْرَةِ
- ʾinna fī ʿajwati l-ʿāliyati šifāʾan ʾaw ʾinnahā tiryāqun ʾawwala l-bukrati
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- a. 1350, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, aṭ-ṭibb an-nabawī [The Prophetic Medicine]:
- بِغَمْسِ الذُّبَابِ فِي الطَّعَامِ إِذَا سَقَطَ فِيهِ لِأَجْلِ الشِّفَاءِ الَّذِي فِي جِنَاحِهِ، وَهُوَ كَالتِّريَاقِ لِلسُّمِّ
- biḡamsi ḏ-ḏubābi fī ṭ-ṭaʿāmi ʾiḏā saqaṭa fīhi li-ʾajli š-šifāʾi llaḏī fī jināḥihi, wahuwa ka-t-tiryāqi li-s-summi
- Dipping house flies in food if they fall in for the healing effects in their wings, which is like an antitoxin.
- (poetic) alcohol, intoxicating drink
- Synonyms: عُقَار (ʿuqār), رَاح (rāḥ), نَبِيذ (nabīḏ), خَمْر (ḵamr), مُدَام (mudām)
Declension
Declension of noun تِرْيَاق (tiryāq)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | تِرْيَاق tiryāq | التِّرْيَاق at-tiryāq | تِرْيَاق tiryāq |
| Nominative | تِرْيَاقٌ tiryāqun | التِّرْيَاقُ at-tiryāqu | تِرْيَاقُ tiryāqu |
| Accusative | تِرْيَاقًا tiryāqan | التِّرْيَاقَ at-tiryāqa | تِرْيَاقَ tiryāqa |
| Genitive | تِرْيَاقٍ tiryāqin | التِّرْيَاقِ at-tiryāqi | تِرْيَاقِ tiryāqi |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | تِرْيَاقَيْن tiryāqayn | التِّرْيَاقَيْن at-tiryāqayn | تِرْيَاقَيْ tiryāqay |
| Nominative | تِرْيَاقَانِ tiryāqāni | التِّرْيَاقَانِ at-tiryāqāni | تِرْيَاقَا tiryāqā |
| Accusative | تِرْيَاقَيْنِ tiryāqayni | التِّرْيَاقَيْنِ at-tiryāqayni | تِرْيَاقَيْ tiryāqay |
| Genitive | تِرْيَاقَيْنِ tiryāqayni | التِّرْيَاقَيْنِ at-tiryāqayni | تِرْيَاقَيْ tiryāqay |
| Plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | تَرَايِيق tarāyīq | التَّرَايِيق at-tarāyīq | تَرَايِيق tarāyīq |
| Nominative | تَرَايِيقُ tarāyīqu | التَّرَايِيقُ at-tarāyīqu | تَرَايِيقُ tarāyīqu |
| Accusative | تَرَايِيقَ tarāyīqa | التَّرَايِيقَ at-tarāyīqa | تَرَايِيقَ tarāyīqa |
| Genitive | تَرَايِيقَ tarāyīqa | التَّرَايِيقِ at-tarāyīqi | تَرَايِيقِ tarāyīqi |
Derived terms
- تِرْيَاق كَبِير (tiryāq kabīr, “Venice treacle, theriaca magna”)
Descendants
- → Persian: تریاق (taryâq, teryâq) (archaic)
References
- “tryqˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 262
- Shahîd, Irfan (2010) Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century. Volume II: Part 2: Economic, Social, and Cultural History, Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, page 143