بن
Arabic
Etymology 1
Base form of اِبْن (ibn). From Proto-Semitic *bin-. Compare Hebrew בֵּן.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ibn/
Noun
بْن • (bn) m
- Alternative spelling of اِبْن (ibn)
Usage notes
Used after another noun (which necessarily ends in a vowel if case endings are preserved).
Declension
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | — | — | بْن bn |
| Nominative | — | — | بْنُ bnu |
| Accusative | — | — | بْنَ bna |
| Genitive | — | — | بْنِ bni |
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܒܽܘܢܳܐ (būnā), which, attested as “barley soaked in water”, underwent a meaning development in 14th-century Yemen due to brewages of sundry appetizing beverages, less likely in view of the pungent fish-sauce بُنّ (bunn), but from the picture of barley grains to the coffee bean in particular. Confer meaning transferrals in the spice-names قِزْح (qizḥ) and بِسْبَاس (bisbās), and خَنْدَرِيس (ḵandarīs, “spelt; gruel”) to “wine”, as قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”) originally meant “wine”. This specific meaning strain—it was only generalized in Ethiopia to mean the berry, powder and decoct of coffee too—is confirmed by Ancient Greek βύνη (búnē, “malt”), a borrowing found in Late Antiquity’s Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis and Aëtius of Amida. The further origin can be a technical term restricted from the well-known Middle Iranian word for “base, grounds” found as Classical Persian بن (bun) and Old Armenian բուն (bun), also borrowed directly from Iranian in Omani Arabic بون (būn), compare the Iranianism reflected in Arabic دُرْدِيّ (durdiyy, “lees, amurca”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bunn/
Noun
بُنّ • (bunn) m (plural أَبْنَان (ʾabnān)) (usually uncountable)
- coffee beans, coffee
- coffee tree
- (obsolete) a fine strong fragrance
Declension
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | بُنّ bunn | الْبُنّ al-bunn | بُنّ bunn |
| Nominative | بُنٌّ bunnun | الْبُنُّ al-bunnu | بُنُّ bunnu |
| Accusative | بُنًّا bunnan | الْبُنَّ al-bunna | بُنَّ bunna |
| Genitive | بُنٍّ bunnin | الْبُنِّ al-bunni | بُنِّ bunni |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | بُنَّيْن bunnayn | الْبُنَّيْن al-bunnayn | بُنَّيْ bunnay |
| Nominative | بُنَّانِ bunnāni | الْبُنَّانِ al-bunnāni | بُنَّا bunnā |
| Accusative | بُنَّيْنِ bunnayni | الْبُنَّيْنِ al-bunnayni | بُنَّيْ bunnay |
| Genitive | بُنَّيْنِ bunnayni | الْبُنَّيْنِ al-bunnayni | بُنَّيْ bunnay |
| Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | أَبْنَان ʾabnān | الْأَبْنَان al-ʾabnān | أَبْنَان ʾabnān |
| Nominative | أَبْنَانٌ ʾabnānun | الْأَبْنَانُ al-ʾabnānu | أَبْنَانُ ʾabnānu |
| Accusative | أَبْنَانًا ʾabnānan | الْأَبْنَانَ al-ʾabnāna | أَبْنَانَ ʾabnāna |
| Genitive | أَبْنَانٍ ʾabnānin | الْأَبْنَانِ al-ʾabnāni | أَبْنَانِ ʾabnāni |
Derived terms
- بُنِّيّ (bunniyy)
Descendants
- → Afar: bún, búun; búna, buná
- → Amharic: ቡን (bunn)
- ⇒ Amharic: ቡና (bunna)
- → Afar: buna
- → Awngi: bunnoa
- → Kafa: buno
- → Oromo: buna
- → Sidamo: buna
- → Waata: bunna
- → Wolaytta: bunna
- ⇒ Amharic: ቡና (bunna)
- → Coptic: ⲡⲟⲛ (pon)
- → Gujarati: બૂંદ (bū̃d)
- → Tigre: ቡን (bun)
- → Tigrinya: ቡን (bun)
- → Ottoman Turkish: بن (bünn)
- → Swahili: buni
See also
- قَهْوَة (qahwa)
References
- Landberg, Carlo, editor (1909) Études sur les dialectes de l'Arabie méridionale. Deuxième volume. Daṯînah. Deuxième partie (in French), Leiden: Brill, pages 1062–1064
Etymology 3
Back-formation from بُنِّيّ (bunniyy, “Labeobarbus bynni”), a well-eaten fish of the highest frequency in the Nile.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bunn/
Noun
بُنّ • (bunn) m
- (obsolete) brine, pickling-solution, a fish-dish from the salt water in which for example Labeobarbus bynni has been preserved.
Declension
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | بُنّ bunn | الْبُنّ al-bunn | بُنّ bunn |
| Nominative | بُنٌّ bunnun | الْبُنُّ al-bunnu | بُنُّ bunnu |
| Accusative | بُنًّا bunnan | الْبُنَّ al-bunna | بُنَّ bunna |
| Genitive | بُنٍّ bunnin | الْبُنِّ al-bunni | بُنِّ bunni |
See also
- مُرِّيّ (murriyy)
- مَرَقَة (maraqa)
- رُبَيْثَاء (rubayṯāʾ)
- صِير (ṣīr)
- أُجَاج (ʾujāj)
References
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “بن”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 116
- Freytag, Georg (1830), “بن”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 158b
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “بن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 258a–b
- Streck, Maximilian (1907), “Bemerkungen zu einigen arabischen Fischnamen”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (in German), volume 61, page 638
Pronunciation 1
- IPA(key): /bin/
Verb
بِنْ • (bin) (form I)
- second-person masculine singular active imperative of بَانَ (bāna)
Pronunciation 2
- IPA(key): /bin.na/
Verb
بِنَّ • (binna) (form I)
- second-person feminine plural active imperative of بَانَ (bāna)
- third-person feminine plural past active of بَانَ (bāna)
Brokskat
Noun
بن (ban)
- village
Kalami
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ban]
Adjective
بن (ban) m
- closed
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Turkic *ben (“I”).
Pronoun
بن • (ben)
- I
Declension
| singular (مفرد) | plural (جمع) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | بن (ben) | بز (biz) |
| genitive | بنم (benim) | بزم (bizim) |
| dative | بڭا (baña) | بزه (bize) |
| definite accusative | بنی (beni) | بزی (bizi) |
| locative | بنده (bende) | بزده (bizde) |
| ablative | بندن (benden) | بزدن (bizden) |
Descendants
- Turkish: ben
Etymology 2
From Arabic اِبْن (ibn, “son”).
Noun
بن • (bin) (plural بنی)
- son (only used at names, e.g. Ahmet bin Ali - “the son of Ali, Ahmed”)
- Synonym: اوغلی (oğlu)
References
- Kélékian, Diran (1911), “بن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 277
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “بنی”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 390
Pashto
Etymology
From Proto-Iranian *hapáθniH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sapátniH (“co-wife”). Compare Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬚𐬥𐬍 (hapaθnī) and Sanskrit सपत्नी (sapatnī).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bən/
Noun
بن • (bën) f
- co-wife
Declension
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct | بن (bën) | بنې (bëne) | |
| oblique | بنې (bëne) | بنو (bëno) | |
| vocative | بنې (bëne) | بنو (bëno) |
Persian
Etymology 1
From Middle Persian [script needed] (bwn' /bun/), from Proto-Iranian *buHnáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰudʰnás, from *bʰudʰmḗn.
Noun
بن • (bon)
- bottom
- foundation
- root
Derived terms
- بنگاه (bongâh)
Etymology 2
From late Middle Persian [script needed] (bwn' /bun/), from earlier [script needed] (wn' /wan/, “tree; stock, stem”) also present as ون (van, “ash tree”).
Noun
بن • (bon)
- bush
- tree
Derived terms
- گلبن (golbon)
- خاربن (xârbon)
- سروبن (sarvbon)
Etymology 3
From Arabic بِن (bin, “son”).
Noun
بن • (ben)
- bin (in Arabic names)
Etymology 4
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Proper noun
بن • (Ben)
- Ben (the capital city of Ben County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran).
- Ben (a county of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran).
Etymology 5
From German Bonn.
Proper noun
بن • (Bon)
- Bonn (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia; former capital city of Germany)
South Levantine Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic بُنّ (bunn).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /binn/, [bɪn]
Audio (Ramallah) (file)
Noun
بنّ • (binn) m
- coffee beans
- ground coffee
See also
- قهوة (ʔahwe, “coffee”)
- بني (binni, “brown”)