بغل
See also: بعل, نعل, تعل, and تغل
Arabic
Etymology
In view of the Sabaean Old South Arabian 𐩨𐩶𐩡 (bġl), attested once from the 1st century CE, Arabic has more likely borrowed thence and not from Ge'ez በቅል (bäḳl) as formerly claimed, but the Old South Arabian may be an Old Arabic loanword as well, mule breeding only introduced not long before from the North, thus an unknown-origin borrowing.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /baɣl/
Noun
بَغْل • (baḡl) m (plural بِغَال (biḡāl) or أَبْغَال (ʾabḡāl), feminine بَغْلَة (baḡla))
- the offspring of a jack and a mare, a mule
- Coordinate term: نَغْل (naḡl, “hinny”)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 16:8:
- وَخَلَقَ اللَّٰهُ الْخَيْلَ وَالْبِغَالَ وَالْحَمِيرَ لِتَرْكَبُوهَا وَزِينَةً
- wa-ḵalaqa llāhu l-ḵayla wa-l-biḡāla wa-l-ḥamīra li-tarkabū-hā wa-zīnatan
- And God created horses, mules, and asses for you to ride on and as an embellishment.
Declension
Declension of noun بَغْل (baḡl)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | بَغْل baḡl | الْبَغْل al-baḡl | بَغْل baḡl | بَغْلَة baḡla | الْبَغْلَة al-baḡla | بَغْلَة baḡlat |
| Nominative | بَغْلٌ baḡlun | الْبَغْلُ al-baḡlu | بَغْلُ baḡlu | بَغْلَةٌ baḡlatun | الْبَغْلَةُ al-baḡlatu | بَغْلَةُ baḡlatu |
| Accusative | بَغْلًا baḡlan | الْبَغْلَ al-baḡla | بَغْلَ baḡla | بَغْلَةً baḡlatan | الْبَغْلَةَ al-baḡlata | بَغْلَةَ baḡlata |
| Genitive | بَغْلٍ baḡlin | الْبَغْلِ al-baḡli | بَغْلِ baḡli | بَغْلَةٍ baḡlatin | الْبَغْلَةِ al-baḡlati | بَغْلَةِ baḡlati |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | بَغْلَيْن baḡlayn | الْبَغْلَيْن al-baḡlayn | بَغْلَيْ baḡlay | بَغْلَتَيْن baḡlatayn | الْبَغْلَتَيْن al-baḡlatayn | بَغْلَتَيْ baḡlatay |
| Nominative | بَغْلَانِ baḡlāni | الْبَغْلَانِ al-baḡlāni | بَغْلَا baḡlā | بَغْلَتَانِ baḡlatāni | الْبَغْلَتَانِ al-baḡlatāni | بَغْلَتَا baḡlatā |
| Accusative | بَغْلَيْنِ baḡlayni | الْبَغْلَيْنِ al-baḡlayni | بَغْلَيْ baḡlay | بَغْلَتَيْنِ baḡlatayni | الْبَغْلَتَيْنِ al-baḡlatayni | بَغْلَتَيْ baḡlatay |
| Genitive | بَغْلَيْنِ baḡlayni | الْبَغْلَيْنِ al-baḡlayni | بَغْلَيْ baḡlay | بَغْلَتَيْنِ baḡlatayni | الْبَغْلَتَيْنِ al-baḡlatayni | بَغْلَتَيْ baḡlatay |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
| basic broken plural triptote | sound feminine plural | |||||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | بِغَال; أَبْغَال biḡāl; ʾabḡāl | الْبِغَال; الْأَبْغَال al-biḡāl; al-ʾabḡāl | بِغَال; أَبْغَال biḡāl; ʾabḡāl | بَغَلَات baḡalāt | الْبَغَلَات al-baḡalāt | بَغَلَات baḡalāt |
| Nominative | بِغَالٌ; أَبْغَالٌ biḡālun; ʾabḡālun | الْبِغَالُ; الْأَبْغَالُ al-biḡālu; al-ʾabḡālu | بِغَالُ; أَبْغَالُ biḡālu; ʾabḡālu | بَغَلَاتٌ baḡalātun | الْبَغَلَاتُ al-baḡalātu | بَغَلَاتُ baḡalātu |
| Accusative | بِغَالًا; أَبْغَالًا biḡālan; ʾabḡālan | الْبِغَالَ; الْأَبْغَالَ al-biḡāla; al-ʾabḡāla | بِغَالَ; أَبْغَالَ biḡāla; ʾabḡāla | بَغَلَاتٍ baḡalātin | الْبَغَلَاتِ al-baḡalāti | بَغَلَاتِ baḡalāti |
| Genitive | بِغَالٍ; أَبْغَالٍ biḡālin; ʾabḡālin | الْبِغَالِ; الْأَبْغَالِ al-biḡāli; al-ʾabḡāli | بِغَالِ; أَبْغَالِ biḡāli; ʾabḡāli | بَغَلَاتٍ baḡalātin | الْبَغَلَاتِ al-baḡalāti | بَغَلَاتِ baḡalāti |
Descendants
- Maltese: bagħal
- → Harsusi: beġelēt
- → Mehri: baġal, baġlēt
- → Classical Mandaic: ࡁࡀࡂࡀࡋ (bagal)
- → Classical Syriac: ܒܲܓܠܵܐ (baḡlā)
- → Swahili: baghala
References
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 82
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 110
- Hommel, Fritz (1879) Die Namen der Säugethiere bei den südsemitischen Völkern als Beiträge zur arabischen und äthiopischen Lexicographie, zur semitischen Kulturforschung und Sprachvergleichung und zur Geschichte der Mittelmeerfauna. Mit steter Berücksichtigung auch der assyrischen und hebräischen Thiernamen und geographischen und literaturgeschichtlichen Excursen (in German), Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, pages 112–117
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “بغل”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 146
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “بغل”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 230
- Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 101
- Militarev, Alexander; Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 77–78 Nr. 55
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1879), “Die Namen der Säugethiere bei den südsemitischen Völkern als Beiträge zur arabischen und äthiopischen Lexicographie, zur semitischen Kulturforschung und Sprachvergleichung und zur Geschichte der Mittelmeerfauna. Mit steter Berücksichtigung auch der assyrischen und hebräischen Thiernamen und geographischen und literaturgeschichtlichen Excursen von Fritz Hommel. Leipzig 1879, J. C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung XX und 471 S. in Octav”, in Göttingische gelehrte Anzeigen (in German), page 1258
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 58
- Sima, Alexander (2000) Tiere, Pflanzen, Steine und Metalle in den altsüdarabischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 40–42
Urdu
a woman's بغل (bağal, "armpit, oxter")
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian زیر بغل (zēr-e bağal), dropping زیر and the ezafe.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /bə.ɣəl/
Noun
بغل • (baġal) f (Hindi spelling बग़ल)
- armpit, oxter, axilla
- underarm
- the bosom (in relation to something which is held or guarded close to it)
- (figurative) on one side, aside, close by
- flank, margin
- (figurative) in between, within
- gusset of a garment's underarm
Declension
| Declension of بغل | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| direct | بَغَل (bağal) | بَغَلیں (bağalẽ) |
| oblique | بَغَل (bağal) | بَغَلوں (bağalõ) |
| vocative | بَغَل (bağal) | بَغَلو (bağalo) |
Derived terms
- بَغَل گَنْد (bağal-gand, “armpit odor”)
- بَغَل سُونْگھنا (bağal suñghnā, “to smell an armpit”)
- بَغَل بْچَّہ (bağal-buca, “the plump skin of the underarms”)
- بَغَل بَچَّہ (bağal-baca, “a coddled child”)
- بَغَل بنَانا (bağal banānā, “shaving/grooming ones armpits”)
- بَغَل گِیر (bağal-gīr, “embrace, hug”)
- بَغَل گَرْمانا (bağal garmānā, “embrace which leads to sexual intercourse”)
- بَغَل بَنْد (bağal-band, “rope tied up under the armpits”)
References
- “بغل”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.