请输入您要查询的单词:

 

单词 بريد
释义

بريد

See also: تزيد, تريد, پریڈ, تربد, يربد, يريد, and يزيد

Arabic

Etymology

Already in the 6th century, from Byzantine Greek βέρηδος (bérēdos), βέρεδος (béredos, post-horse), from Latin verēdus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ba.riːd/

Noun

بَرِيد (barīd) m (plural بُرُد (burud)) (in verse also بُرْد (burd))

  1. post, mail, an institution to send messages, intelligence
  2. (archaic) messenger, courier, express, estafette, a person employed in the institution of mail or intelligence
    Synonyms: رَسُول (rasūl), قَيْنَاب (qaynāb), قَانِب (qānib), فَيْج (fayj), فُرَانِق (furāniq)
  3. (obsolete) the beast by which messages are sent by the mail institution, a post-horse, post-mule or post-camel
  4. (obsolete) a measure of distance, a postal route
    • a. 1229, Yāqūt al-Ḥamawīy, Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, editor, كتاب معجم البلدان [kitāb muʿjam al-buldān], volume 1, Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, published 1866, line 9, page 37:
      فأمّا الْبَرِيد ففيه خلاف وذهب قوم إلى أنه بالبادية اثنا عشر ميلا وبالشام وخراسان ستة أميال
      About the postal route there is disagreement. Folks believed that in the desert it is twelve miles and in Syria and Khorasan six miles.
  5. (obsolete, rare) post office, a stationed relay

Declension

Derived terms

  • سَاعِي بَرِيدٍ (sāʿī barīdin, postman)
  • بَرِيدِيّ (barīdiyy, postal; postmaster; courier)
  • أَبْرَدَ (ʾabrada, to sent onto the way as a courier; to send a courier to; to send by way of post)

References

  • Bernburg, Lutz Richter and EIr (2012-02-23), “Greece xiv. Greek Loanwords in Medieval New Persian”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York, embraces Zimmern’s etymology.
  • Corriente, Federico; Pereira, Christophe; Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017) Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, page 122, recognizes the Latin origin but assumes a Classical Syriac **ܒܪܝܕܐ (**brīdā) mediary which is denied by Ullmann, Manfred (1997) Zur Geschichte des Wortes barīd „Post“ [About the history of the word barīd ‘post’] (Beiträge zur Lexikographie des Klassischen Arabisch; 13) (in German), München: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Kommission bei der C.H.Beck’schen Verlagsbuchhandlung, →ISBN, page 8 footnote 19 (Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; 1997/1) by information from Rainer Degen that it is a dis legomenon transcription for all what is attested of the term in Aramaic, bˀrwd2”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, byryd”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–.
  • Ekbal, Kamran (1983), “sursat – Eine Untersuchung zum persischen Steuerwesen in der Kadscharenzeit”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (in German), volume 133, page 150, repeats after Alois Sprenger 1864 who only relates the common story the etymology from Persian بریده (burīda, docked) and after Sourdel and Frye the Assyrian one.
  • Lane, Edward William (1863), بريد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 185, introduces another false etymology connecting the word to Hebrew פֶּרֶד (péreḏ, mule, hinny).
  • Quatremère, Étienne Marc (1845) Histoire des sultans mamlouks, de l'Égypte. Tome second, deuzième partie. (in French), Paris: Oriental Translation Fund, pages 87–92 footnote 34, already recognized the Roman derivation and refuted Medieval folk-etymologies of which the most persisting is that the word would be related to Persian بریده (burīda, docked, having the tail clipped) because the post-horses were marked so by Darius the Great or similar – according to which legend some Persian king according to Yāqūt al-Ḥamawīy (a. 1229), Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, editor, كتاب معجم البلدان [kitāb muʿjam al-buldān] (in Arabic), volume 1, Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, published 1866, page 37 line 19 seqq. marked horses of couriers for them to be recognized and provided for by governors.
  • Sourdel, Dominique (1960), “Barīd”, in Encyclopaedia of Islam. Second Edition, volume 1, Leiden: Brill, pages 1045–1046, confused as a mere compilator, derives the Arabic from Byzantine and Latin but that from perhaps Assyrian, apparently not knowing its origin in Proto-Celtic *uɸorēdos (horse). In the glossary page 182 they suggest that the Assyrian word derives from Latin.
  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), بريد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, page 121
  • Ullmann, Manfred (1997) Zur Geschichte des Wortes barīd „Post“ [About the history of the word barīd ‘post’] (Beiträge zur Lexikographie des Klassischen Arabisch; 13) (in German), München: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Kommission bei der C.H.Beck’schen Verlagsbuchhandlung, →ISBN (Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; 1997/1), tracks the history of the word by two hundred quotes.
  • Wehr, Hans (1979), بريد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 64
  • Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 7 knows the Roman derivation but following the topic of his book to list as many Akkadian cultural influences as possible throws out the idea of a borrowing from Akkadian 𒉽𒄬 (PAP.ḪAL /purīdu/, leg; roaming one, in the literal sense as well as in the sense of messenger), which comes from 𒄷𒄭 (MUD /parādu/, to be terrified, to be scared; to be disturbed, to not rest, to keep moving; to run at full speed, to hastily get away, to move urgently).

Pashto

Noun

بريد (brid) m

  1. attack, assault
  2. beginning, starting point, access

See also

  • برید کول (to attack)

Noun

بريد (buríd) m

  1. separation
  2. absence
  3. border
随便看

 

国际大辞典收录了7408809条英语、德语、日语等多语种在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词及词组的翻译及用法,是外语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2023 idict.net All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间:2024/8/7 8:02:28