برج
Arabic
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /burd͡ʒ/
Noun
بُرْج • (burj) m (dual بُرْجَان (burjān), plural بُرُوج (burūj) or أَبْرَاج (ʾabrāj))
- castle
- citadel
- tower
- بُرْج خَلِيفَة (burj ḵalīfa, “Khalifa Tower”) (dialect: borǰ khalīfa), initially named بُرْج دُبَيّ (burj dubayy, “Dubai Tower”).
- constellation
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 25:61:
- تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ فِي السَّمَاءِ بُرُوجًا وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجًا وَقَمَرًا مُنِيرًا
- tabāraka allaḏī jaʿala fī s-samāʾi burūjan wajaʿala fīhā sirājan waqamaran munīran
- Blessed is He who has placed in the sky great stars and placed therein a [burning] lamp and luminous moon.
-
- spire
- asterism
- zodiac
- sign of the zodiac
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بُرْج burj | الْبُرْج al-burj | بُرْج burj |
Nominative | بُرْجٌ burjun | الْبُرْجُ al-burju | بُرْجُ burju |
Accusative | بُرْجًا burjan | الْبُرْجَ al-burja | بُرْجَ burja |
Genitive | بُرْجٍ burjin | الْبُرْجِ al-burji | بُرْجِ burji |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | بُرْجَيْن burjayn | الْبُرْجَيْن al-burjayn | بُرْجَيْ burjay |
Nominative | بُرْجَانِ burjāni | الْبُرْجَانِ al-burjāni | بُرْجَا burjā |
Accusative | بُرْجَيْنِ burjayni | الْبُرْجَيْنِ al-burjayni | بُرْجَيْ burjay |
Genitive | بُرْجَيْنِ burjayni | الْبُرْجَيْنِ al-burjayni | بُرْجَيْ burjay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بُرُوج; أَبْرَاج burūj; ʾabrāj | الْبُرُوج; الْأَبْرَاج al-burūj; al-ʾabrāj | بُرُوج; أَبْرَاج burūj; ʾabrāj |
Nominative | بُرُوجٌ; أَبْرَاجٌ burūjun; ʾabrājun | الْبُرُوجُ; الْأَبْرَاجُ al-burūju; al-ʾabrāju | بُرُوجُ; أَبْرَاجُ burūju; ʾabrāju |
Accusative | بُرُوجًا; أَبْرَاجًا burūjan; ʾabrājan | الْبُرُوجَ; الْأَبْرَاجَ al-burūja; al-ʾabrāja | بُرُوجَ; أَبْرَاجَ burūja; ʾabrāja |
Genitive | بُرُوجٍ; أَبْرَاجٍ burūjin; ʾabrājin | الْبُرُوجِ; الْأَبْرَاجِ al-burūji; al-ʾabrāji | بُرُوجِ; أَبْرَاجِ burūji; ʾabrāji |
Synonyms
- حِصْن (ḥiṣn)
- قَلْعَة (qalʿa), قِلْعَة (qilʿa)
- مَعْقِل (maʿqil)
Descendants
- Azerbaijani: бүрҹ / bürc / بۆرج
- → Bengali: বুরুজ (buruj)
- Georgian: ბურჯი (burǯi)
- Gujarati: બુરજ (buraj)
- Hindi: बुर्ज (burj)
- Northern Kurdish: birc, برج (birc)
- Malay: buruj
- Maltese: borġ
- Middle Armenian: պուրճ (purč), պուրջ (purǰ), բուրջ (burǰ)
- Ottoman Turkish: برج (burc)
- Turkish: burç, burc
- Persian: برج (borj)
- Punjabi: ਬੁਰਜ (buraj) / برج (burj)
- Rajasthani: बुरज (burj)
- Tajik: бурҷ (burj)
- Urdu: برج (burj)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ba.ri.d͡ʒa/
Verb
بَرِجَ • (barija) I, non-past يَبْرَجُ (yabraju)
- to be or become apparent, manifest or conspicuous, and high or elevated
- to have large, beautiful eyes where the white entirely surrounds the black
- (of one's condition) to become ample in respect of eating and drinking
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | بَرَج baraj | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | بَارِج bārij | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | بَرِجْتُ barijtu | بَرِجْتَ barijta | بَرِجَ barija | بَرِجْتُمَا barijtumā | بَرِجَا barijā | بَرِجْنَا barijnā | بَرِجْتُمْ barijtum | بَرِجُوا barijū | |||
f | بَرِجْتِ barijti | بَرِجَتْ barijat | بَرِجَتَا barijatā | بَرِجْتُنَّ barijtunna | بَرِجْنَ barijna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَبْرَجُ ʾabraju | تَبْرَجُ tabraju | يَبْرَجُ yabraju | تَبْرَجَانِ tabrajāni | يَبْرَجَانِ yabrajāni | نَبْرَجُ nabraju | تَبْرَجُونَ tabrajūna | يَبْرَجُونَ yabrajūna | |||
f | تَبْرَجِينَ tabrajīna | تَبْرَجُ tabraju | تَبْرَجَانِ tabrajāni | تَبْرَجْنَ tabrajna | يَبْرَجْنَ yabrajna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَبْرَجَ ʾabraja | تَبْرَجَ tabraja | يَبْرَجَ yabraja | تَبْرَجَا tabrajā | يَبْرَجَا yabrajā | نَبْرَجَ nabraja | تَبْرَجُوا tabrajū | يَبْرَجُوا yabrajū | |||
f | تَبْرَجِي tabrajī | تَبْرَجَ tabraja | تَبْرَجَا tabrajā | تَبْرَجْنَ tabrajna | يَبْرَجْنَ yabrajna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَبْرَجْ ʾabraj | تَبْرَجْ tabraj | يَبْرَجْ yabraj | تَبْرَجَا tabrajā | يَبْرَجَا yabrajā | نَبْرَجْ nabraj | تَبْرَجُوا tabrajū | يَبْرَجُوا yabrajū | |||
f | تَبْرَجِي tabrajī | تَبْرَجْ tabraj | تَبْرَجَا tabrajā | تَبْرَجْنَ tabrajna | يَبْرَجْنَ yabrajna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | اِبْرَجْ ibraj | اِبْرَجَا ibrajā | اِبْرَجُوا ibrajū | ||||||||
f | اِبْرَجِي ibrajī | اِبْرَجْنَ ibrajna |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ba.rad͡ʒ/
Noun
بَرَج • (baraj) m
- verbal noun of بَرِجَ (barija) (form I)
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بَرَج baraj | الْبَرَج al-baraj | بَرَج baraj |
Nominative | بَرَجٌ barajun | الْبَرَجُ al-baraju | بَرَجُ baraju |
Accusative | بَرَجًا barajan | الْبَرَجَ al-baraja | بَرَجَ baraja |
Genitive | بَرَجٍ barajin | الْبَرَجِ al-baraji | بَرَجِ baraji |
References
- Баранов, Х. К. (2011), “برج”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
- Corriente, Federico; Pereira, Christophe; Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017) Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, page 118
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “برج”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 64b
- Freytag, Georg (1830), “برج”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 103
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “برج”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 105–106
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “برج”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 180
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “برج”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 63
Azerbaijani
Noun
برج (bürc)
- Alternative spelling of بۆرج
Central Kurdish
Alternative forms
- بورج (burc)
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.
Noun
بِرج (birc)
- tower
- zodiac
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).
Noun
برج • (burc) (plural بروج or ابراج)
- tower of a castle, bastion
- Synonym: قله (kulle)
- (astronomy) constellation of the zodiac
- (astrology) zodiac sign
Descendants
- Turkish: burç
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “burç”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 700
- Kélékian, Diran (1911), “برج”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 260
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Moenia”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 1066
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “برج”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 755
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “burç”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “برج”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 353
Pashto
Etymology
Borrowed from Persian برج.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /brad͡ʒ/
Noun
برج • (braj) m (plural برجونه (brajuna))
- tower
Declension
singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
direct | برج (braj) | برجونه (brajuna) | |
oblique | برج (braj) | برجونو (brajuno) | |
vocative | برجه (braja) | برجونو (brajuno) |
Persian
Etymology
Arabicized form of Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), possibly from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.
Noun
برج • (borj) (plural برجها (borj-hâ) or بروج)
Dari | برج |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | бурҷ (burj) |
- steeple
- tower
- pylon
- column
- peel, keep
- fort, castle
- pinnacle
- dovecote
- star
- constellation
- zodiac
- sign of the zodiac
Derived terms
- برجی (borji)
Descendants
- → Hindi: बुर्ज (burj)
Punjabi
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).
Noun
بُرج • (burj) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਬੁਰਜ)
- bastion
- tower
- turret
- constellation
- sign of the zodiac
South Levantine Arabic
Root |
---|
ب ر ج |
Etymology
From Arabic بُرْج (burj).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /burʒ/, [bʊrʒ]
Audio (Ramallah) (file)
Noun
برج • (burj) m (plural أبراج (ʔabrāj))
- tower
- zodiac sign
See also
Signs of the Zodiac · الأبراج (il-ʔabrāj) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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الحمل (il-ḥamal, “Aries”) | التور (it-tōr, “Taurus”) | الجوزاء (il-jōzāʔ, “Gemini”) | السرطان (is-saraṭān, “Cancer”) | ||||||||
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الأسد (il-ʔasad, “Leo”) | العذراء (il-ʕazrāʔ, “Virgo”) | الميزان (il-mīzān, “Libra”) | العقرب (il-ʕaqrab, “Scorpio”) | ||||||||
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||||||
القوس (il-ʔōs, “Sagittarius”) | الجدي (il-jidi, “Capricorn”) | الدلو (id-dalu, “Aquarius”) | الحوت (il-ḥūt, “Pisces”) |
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), possibly from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.
Noun
برج • (burj) m (Hindi spelling बुर्ज)
- bastion
- tower
- turret
- constellation
- sign of the zodiac