بد
See also: پد
Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| ب د د (b-d-d) |
Etymology
Sense 6 is a semantic loan from Classical Persian بُت (but).
Noun
بُدّ • (budd) m (plural بِدَدَة (bidada) or أَبْدَاد (ʾabdād))
- escape, means of avoiding something
- لَا بُدَّ مِن كَذَا
- lā budda min kaḏā
- there is no avoiding such a thing, such a thing is inevitable
- flight
- separation
- part, portion
- equivalent, substitute
- idol
Declension
Declension of noun بُدّ (budd)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | بُدّ budd | الْبُدّ al-budd | بُدّ budd |
| Nominative | بُدٌّ buddun | الْبُدُّ al-buddu | بُدُّ buddu |
| Accusative | بُدًّا buddan | الْبُدَّ al-budda | بُدَّ budda |
| Genitive | بُدٍّ buddin | الْبُدِّ al-buddi | بُدِّ buddi |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | بُدَّيْن buddayn | الْبُدَّيْن al-buddayn | بُدَّيْ budday |
| Nominative | بُدَّانِ buddāni | الْبُدَّانِ al-buddāni | بُدَّا buddā |
| Accusative | بُدَّيْنِ buddayni | الْبُدَّيْنِ al-buddayni | بُدَّيْ budday |
| Genitive | بُدَّيْنِ buddayni | الْبُدَّيْنِ al-buddayni | بُدَّيْ budday |
| Plural | broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a); basic broken plural triptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | بِدَدَة; أَبْدَاد bidada; ʾabdād | الْبِدَدَة; الْأَبْدَاد al-bidada; al-ʾabdād | بِدَدَة; أَبْدَاد bidadat; ʾabdād |
| Nominative | بِدَدَةٌ; أَبْدَادٌ bidadatun; ʾabdādun | الْبِدَدَةُ; الْأَبْدَادُ al-bidadatu; al-ʾabdādu | بِدَدَةُ; أَبْدَادُ bidadatu; ʾabdādu |
| Accusative | بِدَدَةً; أَبْدَادًا bidadatan; ʾabdādan | الْبِدَدَةَ; الْأَبْدَادَ al-bidadata; al-ʾabdāda | بِدَدَةَ; أَبْدَادَ bidadata; ʾabdāda |
| Genitive | بِدَدَةٍ; أَبْدَادٍ bidadatin; ʾabdādin | الْبِدَدَةِ; الْأَبْدَادِ al-bidadati; al-ʾabdādi | بِدَدَةِ; أَبْدَادِ bidadati; ʾabdādi |
References
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “بد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “بد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen
North Levantine Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic بِوِدِّ (biwiddi).
Preposition
بد • (badd, bidd)
- want to
- بدي شوفك كل يوم، يا حبيبي
- Baddi šūfak kill yōm, ya ḥabībi.
- I want to see you every day, my dear.
- should; need
- شو بدنا نئللو؟
- Šu badna nʾil-lu?
- What should we tell him?
Usage notes
- The past is formed by adding كان (kēn), which originally would be left unchanged, but is now equally commonly conjugated. Thus: كان بدي شوفك (kēn baddi šūfak) or كنت بدي شوفك (kint baddi šūfak), both “I wanted to see you.”
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
From Persian بد (bad).
Adjective
بد • (bed)
- bad
Pashto
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bəd/
Audio (file)
Adjective
بد • (bëd)
- bad
Declension
declension of بد
| masculine | feminine | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| direct | بد (bëd) | بد (bëd) | بده (bëda) | بدې (bëde) | |
| oblique | بد (bëd) | بدو (bëdo) | بدې (bëde) | بدو (bëdo) | |
| vocative | بده (bëda) | بدو (bëdo) | بدې (bëde) | بدو (bëdo) | |
Adverb
بد • (bad)
- badly
Persian
Etymology 1
From Middle Persian SLYA / wt' (wad, “bad, evil”), from Proto-Iranian *watah. Akin to Old Armenian վատ (vat), an Iranian borrowing. Unrelated to English bad, despite phonetic and semantic identity.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bad/
- Harakat: بَد
audio (file)
Adjective
بد • (bad) (comparative بدتَر (bad-tar), superlative بدتَرین (bad-tarin))
- bad; not good
- evil
Antonyms
- خوب (xub)
Adverb
بد • (bad)
- poorly, badly
Derived terms
- بدی (badi)
Descendants
- → Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi: ਬਦ (bad)
- Shahmukhi: بد (bad)
References
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “wad”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 85
Etymology 2
From Middle Persian -pt' (-bed), from Proto-Iranian [Term?] (compare Old Armenian պետ (pet), an Iranian borrowing), from Proto-Indo-European *pótis (“master”).
Noun
بد • (-bad, -bed, -bod)
- lord, master
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “بد”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “-bed”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 18
South Levantine Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic بِوِدِّ (biwiddi).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bidd/, [bɪd]
Preposition
بدّ • (bidd-)
- (false verb) to want
- بدّك قهوة؟
- biddak ʔahwe?
- Do you want some coffee?
- بدي أشوفك كل يوم يا حبيبي.
- biddi ʔašūfak kull yōm ya ḥabībi.
- I want to see you every day, my dear.
- Synonym: حبّ (ḥabb)
- (false verb, by extension) to need
- ابني مريض كتير وبدّه دوا ضروري.
- ibni marīḍ ktīr w biddo dawa ḍurūri.
- My son is very sick and needs medicine.
- (literally, “My son is very sick and wants medicine necessarily.”)
- Synonym: احتاج (iḥtāj)
- (auxiliary) will, going to
- بدي أمرق لعنده بكرة.
- biddi ʔamroʔ la-ʕindo bukra.
- I'm going to go to his house tomorrow.
- Synonym: رح (raḥ)
Usage notes
- Similar to terms like عند (ʕind, “to have”), the term بدّ (bidd) is "conjugated" with enclitic pronouns. Unlike عند (ʕind), however, بدّ (bidd) has no inherent meaning and can never be used entirely by itself.
Inflection
| Inflected forms of بد | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base form | بدّ (bidd) | ||||
| Personal-pronoun- including forms | singular | plural | |||
| m | f | ||||
| 1st person | بدّي (biddi) | بدنا (bidna) | |||
| 2nd person | بدّك (biddak) | بدّك (biddek) | بدكم (bidkom) | ||
| 3rd person | بدّه (biddo) | بدها (bidha) | بدهم (bidhom) | ||
Urdu
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Persian بد (bad).
Adjective
بد • (bad) (Hindi spelling बद)
- bad
- evil
- wicked
- inauspicious
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Sanskrit वृन्ध (vṛndha).
Noun
بد • (bad) m (Hindi spelling बद)
- bubo