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单词 افشاندن
释义

افشاندن

Persian

Alternative forms

  • افشانیدن (afšânidan), فشاندن (fešândan)

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾpšʾn-tn' /afšāndan/), from Proto-Iranian *Hapá (away) + the Iranian root *šan (“to shake”).

Compare Old Khotanese ṣāñ (to shake down), Baluchi شانگ (šánag, to vomit, throw, shake out), Gilaki فشادن (fišādən, to disperse), Northern Kurdish reşandin (to sprinkle, throw, vomit) (with prefix *fra), Hindi छनना (channā, to be restrained).

Pronunciation

  • (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /afʃɑːndan/
  • (Dari Persian) IPA(key): /afʃɑːndan/
  • (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): /æfʃɒːndæn/
  • (Tajik) IPA(key): /afʃɔndan/

Verb

اَفشاندَن (afšândan) (present stem اَفشان (afšân))

  1. to scatter, disperse
    Synonyms: ریختن (rixtan), پاشیدن (pâšidan)
    • late 1300s, Xāja Shams-ud-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, “اگر آن ترک شیرازی به دست آرد دل ما را (Shirazi Turk)”, in دیوان حافظ [Divān of Ḥāfeẓ]:
      غزل گفتی و در سفتی بیا و خوش بخوان حافظ
      که بر نظم تو افشاند فلک عقد ثریا را
      ğazal gofti o dorr softi, biyâ vo xoš be-xân hâfez
      ke bar nazm-e to afšânad falak 'eqd-e sorayyâ-râ
      You have completed your poem and pierced the pearl; come and sing beautifully, Hafez,
      That on your compositions Heaven may scatter the necklace of the Pleiades.

Conjugation

Derived terms

  • آتشفشان (âtaš-fešân)
  • افشانه (afšâne)
  • زرافشان (zar-afšân)
  • نورافشان (nur-afšan)

References

  • Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), افشاندن”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), افشاندن”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
  • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “ʾpšʾn-tn'”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 5
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