افسار

Persian

Alternative forms

فسار‎ (fasâr)

Etymology

From Middle Persian *afsār, whence borrowed Classical Syriac ܐܲܦܣܵܪܵܐ‎ (ʾap̄sārā), Jewish Literary Aramaic אַפִסָרָא‎ (ʾap̄isārā) and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic אַפְסָרָא‎ (ʾap̄sārā), אַפְסִירָא‎ (ʾap̄sīrā), cognate to Central Kurdish هەوسار‎ (hewsar) and Northern Kurdish hevser; and apparently also Ancient Greek ψάλιον (psálion, “curb chain”), ψαλόν (psalón, “a kind of bridle”), ψέλιον (psélion, “a kind of anklet worn by the Persians”) is an Iranian borrowing.

See also Arabic إِبْزِيم‎ (ʾibzīm, “clasp”) and Arabic أَبْزَار‎ (ʾabzār), Old Armenian օճառ (ōčaṙ, “harness”) and the terms linked there for possibly the same stem with a different ending.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /afsɑːɾ/

(Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /afsɑːɾ/

(Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /æfsɒːɾ/

(Tajik) IPA^(key): /afsɔɾ/

Noun

افسار • (afsâr)

curb chain; (loosely) bridle, harness, headstall, curb, rein
(figuratively) curb, restraint, check
(figuratively) reins, discipline

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: əfsar, ovsar
→ Kazakh: әбзел (äbzel)
→ Ottoman Turkish: افسار‎ (efsar)
→ Turkmen: owsar
→ Uzbek: ovsar

References

“ˀpsrˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 23 Nr. 97
Levy, Jacob (1867) Chaldäisches Wörterbuch über die Targumim und einen großen Theil des rabbinischen Schriftthums‎ (in German), Leipzig: Verlag von Baumgärtners Buchhandlung, page 54b
Müller, Friedrich (1894), “Pahlawi, neupersische und armenische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes (in German), volume 8, page 357
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “افسار”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 82
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “فسار”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 928
Vullers, Johann August (1855), “افسار”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum (in Latin), volume 1, Bonn: Adolf Marcus, page 112a
Vullers, Johann August (1856–1864), “فَسار”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum (in Latin), volume 2, Bonn: Adolf Marcus, page 680a

单词	افسار
释义	افسار Persian Alternative forms فسار‎ (fasâr) Etymology From Middle Persian afsār, whence borrowed Classical Syriac ܐܲܦܣܵܪܵܐ‎ (ʾap̄sārā), Jewish Literary Aramaic אַפִסָרָא‎ (ʾap̄isārā) and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic אַפְסָרָא‎ (ʾap̄sārā), אַפְסִירָא‎ (ʾap̄sīrā), cognate to Central Kurdish هەوسار‎ (hewsar) and Northern Kurdish hevser; and apparently also Ancient Greek ψάλιον* (psálion, “curb chain”), ψαλόν (psalón, “a kind of bridle”), ψέλιον (psélion, “a kind of anklet worn by the Persians”) is an Iranian borrowing. See also Arabic إِبْزِيم‎ (ʾibzīm, “clasp”) and Arabic أَبْزَار‎ (ʾabzār), Old Armenian օճառ (ōčaṙ, “harness”) and the terms linked there for possibly the same stem with a different ending. Pronunciation (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /afsɑːɾ/ (Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /afsɑːɾ/ (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /æfsɒːɾ/ (Tajik) IPA^(key): /afsɔɾ/ Noun افسار • (afsâr) curb chain; (loosely) bridle, harness, headstall, curb, rein (figuratively) curb, restraint, check (figuratively) reins, discipline Descendants → Azerbaijani: əfsar, ovsar → Kazakh: әбзел (äbzel) → Ottoman Turkish: افسار‎ (efsar) → Turkmen: owsar → Uzbek: ovsar References “ˀpsrˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986– Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 23 Nr. 97 Levy, Jacob (1867) Chaldäisches Wörterbuch über die Targumim und einen großen Theil des rabbinischen Schriftthums‎ (in German), Leipzig: Verlag von Baumgärtners Buchhandlung, page 54b Müller, Friedrich (1894), “Pahlawi, neupersische und armenische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes (in German), volume 8, page 357 Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “افسار”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 82 Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “فسار”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 928 Vullers, Johann August (1855), “افسار”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum (in Latin), volume 1, Bonn: Adolf Marcus, page 112a Vullers, Johann August (1856–1864), “فَسار”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum (in Latin), volume 2, Bonn: Adolf Marcus, page 680a
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