اشتد
See also: أسند and اسند
Arabic
Etymology
From the root ش د د (š-d-d).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /iʃ.tad.da/
Verb
اِشْتَدَّ • (ištadda) VIII, non-past يَشْتَدُّ (yaštaddu)
- to become more vehement, to aggravate, to grow in intensity or tightness
- a. 684, معن بن أوس [Maʿn Ibn Aws], فيا عجباً لمن ربيت طفلاً […]:
- أُعَلِّمُهُ ٱلرِّمَايَةَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ / فَلَمَّا ٱشْتَدَّ سَاعِدُهُ رَمَانِي.
- ʾuʿallimu-hū r-rimāyata kulla yawmin / fa-lammā štadda sāʿidu-hū ramā-nī.
- I teach him shooting every day; and when his arm was steady he shot me.
- 7th century CE, Musnad Abū Bakr as-Siddīq, 1:3:
- أَنَا مَعَهُ حَتَّى قَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ فَتَلَقَّاهُ النَّاسُ فَخَرَجُوا فِي الطَّرِيقِ وَعَلَى الْأَجَاجِيرِ فَٱشْتَدَّ الْخَدَمُ وَٱلصِّبْيَانُ فِي ٱلطَّرِيقِ يَقُولُونَ ٱللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ جَاءَ رَسُولُ ٱللّٰهِ صَلَّى ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَاءَ مُحَمَّدٌ
- ʾanā maʿahū ḥattā qadimnā l-madīnata fatalaqqāhu n-nāsu faḵarajū fī ṭ-ṭarīqi waʿalā l-ʾajājīri faštadda l-ḵadamu waṣ-ṣibyānu fī ṭ-ṭarīqi yaqūlūna llāhu ʾakbaru jāʾa rasūlu llāhi ṣallā llāhu ʿalayhi wasallama jāʾa muḥammadun
- I was with him and we stepped upon Medina where he met upon people who went out onto the streets and onto the roofs and the servants and boys crowded the road saying “God is great, the Messenger of God (PBUH) has come, Muḥammad has come!”
- 1355, Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, Charles Defrémery & Beniamino Sanguinetti, editor, تحفة النظار في غرائب الأمصار وعجائب الأسفار [tuḥfat an-nuẓẓār fī ḡarāʾib al-ʾamṣār wa ʿajāʾib al-ʾasfār], volume IV, Paris: L'imprimerie impériale/nationale, published 1858, line 1 a fine, page 165:
- ثُمَّ اشْتَدَّتْ الرِيحُ فَخِفْنَا الْغَرَقَ
- ṯumma štaddat ar-rīḥu fa-ḵifnā l-ḡaraqa
- Then the wind became more severe and we feared to drown.
-
Conjugation
Conjugation of
اِشْتَدَّ
(form-VIII geminate)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | اِشْتِدَاد ištidād | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | مُشْتَدّ muštadd | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | اِشْتَدَدْتُ ištadadtu | اِشْتَدَدْتَ ištadadta | اِشْتَدَّ ištadda | اِشْتَدَدْتُمَا ištadadtumā | اِشْتَدَّا ištaddā | اِشْتَدَدْنَا ištadadnā | اِشْتَدَدْتُمْ ištadadtum | اِشْتَدُّوا ištaddū | |||
| f | اِشْتَدَدْتِ ištadadti | اِشْتَدَّتْ ištaddat | اِشْتَدَّتَا ištaddatā | اِشْتَدَدْتُنَّ ištadadtunna | اِشْتَدَدْنَ ištadadna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَشْتَدُّ ʾaštaddu | تَشْتَدُّ taštaddu | يَشْتَدُّ yaštaddu | تَشْتَدَّانِ taštaddāni | يَشْتَدَّانِ yaštaddāni | نَشْتَدُّ naštaddu | تَشْتَدُّونَ taštaddūna | يَشْتَدُّونَ yaštaddūna | |||
| f | تَشْتَدِّينَ taštaddīna | تَشْتَدُّ taštaddu | تَشْتَدَّانِ taštaddāni | تَشْتَدِدْنَ taštadidna | يَشْتَدِدْنَ yaštadidna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَشْتَدَّ ʾaštadda | تَشْتَدَّ taštadda | يَشْتَدَّ yaštadda | تَشْتَدَّا taštaddā | يَشْتَدَّا yaštaddā | نَشْتَدَّ naštadda | تَشْتَدُّوا taštaddū | يَشْتَدُّوا yaštaddū | |||
| f | تَشْتَدِّي taštaddī | تَشْتَدَّ taštadda | تَشْتَدَّا taštaddā | تَشْتَدِدْنَ taštadidna | يَشْتَدِدْنَ yaštadidna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَشْتَدَّ or أَشْتَدِّ or أَشْتَدِدْ ʾaštadda or ʾaštaddi or ʾaštadid | تَشْتَدَّ or تَشْتَدِّ or تَشْتَدِدْ taštadda or taštaddi or taštadid | يَشْتَدَّ or يَشْتَدِّ or يَشْتَدِدْ yaštadda or yaštaddi or yaštadid | تَشْتَدَّا taštaddā | يَشْتَدَّا yaštaddā | نَشْتَدَّ or نَشْتَدِّ or نَشْتَدِدْ naštadda or naštaddi or naštadid | تَشْتَدُّوا taštaddū | يَشْتَدُّوا yaštaddū | |||
| f | تَشْتَدِّي taštaddī | تَشْتَدَّ or تَشْتَدِّ or تَشْتَدِدْ taštadda or taštaddi or taštadid | تَشْتَدَّا taštaddā | تَشْتَدِدْنَ taštadidna | يَشْتَدِدْنَ yaštadidna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر | m | اِشْتَدَّ or اِشْتَدِّ or اِشْتَدِدْ ištadda or ištaddi or ištadid | اِشْتَدَّا ištaddā | اِشْتَدُّوا ištaddū | ||||||||
| f | اِشْتَدِّي ištaddī | اِشْتَدِدْنَ ištadidna | ||||||||||