إشفى
See also: آسفي, اسقي, أسقي, and أسقى
Arabic
Etymology
Borrowed from an unattested Aramaic form.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʔiʃ.faː/
Noun
إِشْفَى • (ʾišfā) m (plural أَشَافٍ (ʾašāfin), plural construct state أَشَافِي (ʾašāfī))
- (rare) awl
- a. 1111, Abū Ḥāmid al-Ġazālīy, “الباب الخامسفي شفقة التاجر على دينه فيما يخضه ويعم آخرته”, in كتاب آداب الكسب والمعاش [The Revival of Religious Sciences]:
- فكان أحدهم إذا رفع المطرقة أو غرز الإشفى فسمع الأذان لم يخرج الإشفى من المخرز ولم يوقع المطرقة ورمى بها وقام إلى الصلاة.
- And there was one of them when he raised the hammer or planted the awl and heard the adhan he did not put the awl out of the other awl and did not put the hammer back but threw them and stood up and went to prayer.
- a. 1113, أبو المظفر الأبيوردي, خطوبٌ لِلْقلوبِ بِها وَجيبُ:
- ونخضعُ راغبينَ لها اضطراراً — وكيفَ يُلاطمُ الإشفى لبيبُ؟
- And we submit desirous to them and by compulsion — but how does the intellect hit the awl?
- a. 1229, Yāqūt al-Ḥamawīy, Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, editor, كتاب معجم البلدان [kitāb muʿjam al-buldān], volume 1, Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, published 1866, page 291 line 20:
- Synonyms: مِخْرَز (miḵraz), مِخْرَاز (miḵrāz), مِخْصَف (miḵṣaf), مِثْقَب (miṯqab), مِثْقَاب (miṯqāb)
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Declension
Declension of noun إِشْفَى (ʾišfā)
| Singular | singular invariable | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | إِشْفَى ʾišfā | الْإِشْفَى al-ʾišfā | إِشْفَى ʾišfā |
| Nominative | إِشْفَى ʾišfā | الْإِشْفَى al-ʾišfā | إِشْفَى ʾišfā |
| Accusative | إِشْفَى ʾišfā | الْإِشْفَى al-ʾišfā | إِشْفَى ʾišfā |
| Genitive | إِشْفَى ʾišfā | الْإِشْفَى al-ʾišfā | إِشْفَى ʾišfā |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | إِشْفَيَيْن ʾišfayayn | الْإِشْفَيَيْن al-ʾišfayayn | إِشْفَيَيْ ʾišfayay |
| Nominative | إِشْفَيَانِ ʾišfayāni | الْإِشْفَيَانِ al-ʾišfayāni | إِشْفَيَا ʾišfayā |
| Accusative | إِشْفَيَيْنِ ʾišfayayni | الْإِشْفَيَيْنِ al-ʾišfayayni | إِشْفَيَيْ ʾišfayay |
| Genitive | إِشْفَيَيْنِ ʾišfayayni | الْإِشْفَيَيْنِ al-ʾišfayayni | إِشْفَيَيْ ʾišfayay |
| Plural | broken plural diptote in ـٍ (-in) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | أَشَافِي ʾašāfī | الْأَشَافِي al-ʾašāfī | أَشَافِي ʾašāfī |
| Nominative | أَشَافٍ ʾašāfin | الْأَشَافِي al-ʾašāfī | أَشَافِي ʾašāfī |
| Accusative | أَشَافِيَ ʾašāfiya | الْأَشَافِيَ al-ʾašāfiya | أَشَافِيَ ʾašāfiya |
| Genitive | أَشَافٍ ʾašāfin | الْأَشَافِي al-ʾašāfī | أَشَافِي ʾašāfī |
Derived terms
- أَشَافِيّ (ʾašāfiyy, relative adjective)
References
- “إشفى” in Almaany
- Corriente, Federico; Pereira, Christophe; Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017) Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, page 716
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “إشفى”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 25a
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 256
- Freytag, Georg (1830), “إشفى”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 38b
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “إشفى”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 62b