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单词 أم
释义

أم

See also: ام and آم

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ء م م (ʾ-m-m)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔimm-. Cognate with Hebrew אם (em).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʔumm/

Noun

أُمّ (ʾumm) f (dual أُمَّانِ (ʾummāni), plural أُمَّهَات (ʾummahāt) or أُمَّات (ʾummāt), masculine أَب (ʾab))

  1. mother
  2. origin
  3. source
Declension
Derived terms
  • أُمّ التَلَافِيف (ʾumm at-talāfīf)
  • أُمّ الْحِجَار السُّود (ʾumm al-ḥijār as-sūd)
  • أُمّ الْقُرَى (ʾumm al-qurā)
  • أُمّ قِرَاءَة (ʾumm qirāʾa)
  • أُمّ غِيلَان (ʾumm ḡīlān)
  • ء م م (ʾ m m)
  • أُمَّتِ (ʾummati)
Descendants
  • Maltese: omm

Etymology 2

Univerbation of the interrogative particle أَ (ʾa) and the conjunction *ٱِم (*im). Compare إِمَّا (ʾimmā) for disjunction.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʔam/

Conjunction

أَمْ (ʾam)

  1. (chiefly after interrogatives) indicates an exclusive disjunction introduced with أَ(ʾa), as in alternative questions
    أَمِنَ الْعِراقِ أَنْتَ أَمْ مِنْ مِصْرَ؟
    ʾamina l-ʿirāqi ʾanta ʾam min miṣra?
    Are you from Iraq or Egypt?
    لَا أَدْرِي أَشَقِيٌّ صَاحِبُكَ أَمْ سَعِيدٌ.
    lā ʾadrī ʾašaqiyyun ṣāḥibuka ʾam saʿīdun.
    I do not know whether your friend is happy or downhearted.
    أَمُحَمَّدٌ أَوْ إِبْرَاهِيمُ أَفْضَلُ أَمْ سَمِيرٌ؟
    ʾamuḥammadun ʾaw ʾibrāhīmu ʾafḍalu ʾam samīrun?
    Is Muhammad or Ibrahim better [than Samir] or is Samir better [than either of them]?
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 21:109:
      فَإِن تَوَلَّوْا فَقُلْ آذَنْتُكُمْ عَلَى سَوَاءٍ وَإِنْ أَدْرِي أَقَرِيبٌ أَم بَعِيدٌ مَّا تُوعَدُونَ
      fa-ʾin tawallaw fa-qul ʾāḏantukum ʿalā sawāʾin wa-ʾin ʾadrī ʾa-qarībun ʾam baʿīdun mmā tūʿadūna
      But if they turn away, then say, “I have announced to [all of] you equally. And I know not whether near or far is that which you are promised.”
    • 2017 November 4, “مستشار في حملة ترامب يعترف باجراء اتصالات مع مسؤولين روس”, in Al-Quds:
      كان قد نفى او تجنب الاجابة في مقابلات سابقة مع الصحيفة حول ما اذا كان قد التقى مسؤولين روسا ام لا.
      He had denied or avoided answering in previous interviews with the paper regarding whether he had met Russian officials or not.
  2. indicates an inclusive disjunction introduced with أَ(ʾa) that denotes sameness, indistinguishability, unimportance, insignificance, or indifference
    أَنَا أُحِبُّكَ سَوَاءٌ أَحْبَبْتَنِي أَمْ لَمْ تُحِبَّنِي.
    ʾanā ʾuḥibbuka sawāʾun ʾaḥbabtanī ʾam lam tuḥibbanī.
    I love you, no matter whether you love me or whether you do not love me.
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 63:6:
      سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَسْتَغْفَرْتَ لَهُمْ أَمْ لَمْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ لَن يَغْفِرَ ٱللّٰهُ لَهُمْ
      sawāʾun ʿalayhim ʾastaḡfarta lahum ʾam lam tastaḡfir lahum lan yaḡfira llāhu lahum
      It is the same for them whether you pray for their forgiveness or whether you do not: Allah will not forgive them.
Derived terms
  • أَمَّا (ʾammā)
  • أَمَّن (ʾamman)
  • أَوْ (ʾaw)
  • إِمَّا (ʾimmā)
Descendants
  • Swahili: ama

References

  • Tropper, Josef (2003), “Sekundäres wortanlautendes Alif im Arabischen”, in Kogan, Leonid, editor, Studia Semitica (Orientalia: Papers of the Oriental Institute; III), Moscow, →ISBN, pages 201–202

Etymology 3

Root
ء م م (ʾ-m-m)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʔam.ma/

Verb

أَمَّ (ʾamma) I, non-past يَؤُمُّ‎ (yaʾummu)

  1. to go, to go to see, to repair (to a place)
    أم مدينة لندن
    to go to London
Conjugation
Synonyms
  • قَصَدَ (qaṣada)

Verb

أَمَّ (ʾamma) I, non-past يَؤُمُّ‎ (yaʾummu)

  1. to lead the way, to lead by example
    أم الناسto lead the people
    1. to lead in prayer
Conjugation

Noun

أَمّ (ʾamm) m

  1. verbal noun of أَمَّ (ʾamma) (form I)
Declension

Verb

أَمَّ (ʾamma) I, non-past يَؤُمُّ‎ (yaʾummu)

  1. to become a mother
Conjugation

Egyptian Arabic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ʔomm]

Noun

أمّ ('umm)

  1. mother

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Learned borrowing from Arabic أُمّ (ʾumm).

Noun

أم (ʔumm) f

  1. Alternative form of إم (ʔimm)
    اللغة الأمil-luḡa il-ʔummnative language, mother tongue
    (file)
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