آپ
See also: ات, أب, آب, آت, and اب
Baluchi
Etymology
From Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-. Compare Persian آب (âb), Northern Kurdish av, Bakhtiari او (aw), Pashto اوبه, Avestan 𐬀𐬞 (ap), Sanskrit अप् (áp).
Pronunciation
- (Western) IPA(key): /aːp/
- (Eastern) IPA(key): /aːf/
Noun
آپ • (áp)
- water
References
- Carina Jahani, Standardization and Orthography in the Balochi Language (1989), page 103: This would mean that, for instance, the Western forms gok 'cow', ap 'water', rod 'day' and waja 'master' would be written, but that the Easterners could read them out as gox, af, ros and waza.
Punjabi
Pronoun
آپ • (āp) (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਪ)
- self, oneself; reflexive pronoun
Urdu
Etymology
Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā), from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātmán, “soul, spirit; self”).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɑːp/
Pronoun
آپ • (āp) (Hindi spelling आप)
- (formal, polite) second-person subjective or objective personal pronoun, grammatically plural: you, ye; Early Modern English formal ye.
- (rare, honorific) third-person subjective or objective personal pronoun: he, she, they, him, her, them
- reflexive pronoun: oneself, one's own
- مشین آپ ہی چل پڑی ― maśīn āp-hī cal paṛī ― the machine started on its own
- Synonym: خود (xud)
Usage notes
- آپ is the most formal way of expressing "you" in Urdu and is used when addressing elders or those higher in social status. Because less formal forms could offend others, آپ is the safest way to express "you" unless there is reason to be less formal.
- Because آپ is grammatically plural (adjectives and verbs etc affected by it take their plural forms) even when there is only one person being referred to, the term آپ لوگ (literally: you people) can be used to specify that more than one person is being referred to because of T-V distinction.
Declension
declension of آپ
| direct | آپ (āp) |
|---|---|
| indirect | آپ (āp) |
| ergative | آپ نے (āp-ne) |
| genitive | آپ کا (āp-kā) |
| dative/ accusative | آپ کو (āp-ko) |
Derived terms
- اپنے آپ (apne-āp)
See also
- تو (tū) - informal, intimate, contemptuous or possibly vulgar, grammatically singular
- تم (tum) - semiformal, familiar, grammatically plural
| Urdu personal pronouns | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | Description | Direct case | Indirect case | Ergative case | Dative/Accusative case | |
| 1st person | singular | مَیں (ma͠i) | مجھ (mujh) | میں نے (ma͠i-ne) | مجھ کو (mujh-ko), مجھے (mujhe) | |
| plural | ہم (ham) | ہم نے (ham-ne) | ہم کو (ham-ko), ہمیں (hamẽ) | |||
| 2nd person | informal (intimate) | تُو (tū) | تجھ (tujh) | تو نے (tū-ne) | تجھ کو (tujh-ko), تجھے (tujhe) | |
| semiformal (familiar) | تم (tum) | تم نے (tum-ne) | تم کو (tum-ko), تمہیں (tumhẽ) | |||
| formal (polite) | آپ (āp) | آپ نے (āp-ne) | آپ کو (āp-ko) | |||
| 3rd person | proximal | singular / informal | یہ (ye) | اِس (is) | اِس نے (is-ne) | اِس کو (is-ko), اِسے (ise) |
| plural / formal | اِن (in) | اِنہوں نے (inhõ-ne) | اِن کو (in-ko), اِنہیں (inhẽ) | |||
| distal | singular / informal | وہ (vo) | اُس (us) | اُس نے (us-ne) | اُس کو (us-ko), اُسے (use) | |
| plural / formal | اُن (un) | اُنہوں نے (unhõ-ne) | اُن کو (un-ko), اُنہیں (unhẽ) | |||