ء ث م
Arabic
Etymology
Cognate with Hebrew א־ש־ם (ʾ-š-m) and Ugaritic 𐎀𐎘𐎎 (ảṯm, “to be in debt for”). The origin, beyond its mere presence during Central Semitic unity, is unknown. A relation with و ث م (w-ṯ-m), which refers to some basic idea of compaction, comminution and paucity, is possible: compare the root relation of إِبِل (ʾibil).
Root
ء ث م • (ʾ-ṯ-m)
- related to acts which retard from recompense, hence sin
Derived terms
- Verbs and verb derivatives
- Form I: أَثِمَ (ʾaṯima, “to act in a manner that retards from recompense, to sin”)
- Verbal noun: إِثْم (ʾiṯm), أَثَام (ʾaṯām), مَأْثَم (maʾṯam)
- Active participle: آثِم (ʾāṯim)
- Form II: أَثَّمَ (ʾaṯṯama, “to make or consider a sinner”)
- Verbal noun: تَأْثِيم (taʾṯīm)
- Active participle: مُؤَثِّم (muʾaṯṯim)
- Passive participle: مُؤَثَّم (muʾaṯṯam)
- Form IV: آثَمَ (ʾāṯama, “to make fall into sin”)
- Verbal noun: إِيثَام (ʾīṯām)
- Active participle: مُؤْثِم (muʾṯim)
- Passive participle: مُؤْثَم (muʾṯam)
- Form V: تَأَثَّمَ (taʾaṯṯama, “to become sinful”)
- Verbal noun: تَأَثُّم (taʾaṯṯum)
- Active participle: مُتَأَثِّم (mutaʾaṯṯim)
- أَثِيم (ʾaṯīm), آثُوم (ʾāṯūm) as also آثِم (ʾāṯim, “sinful”)
- أَثِيم (ʾaṯīm), أَثِيمَة (ʾaṯīma, “the habitual commission of acts which retard from recompense”)
- آثِمَة (ʾāṯima, “a tardy she-camel”)
References
- Corriente, Federico; Pereira, Christophe; Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017) Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, page 12
- Freytag, Georg (1830), “ء ث م”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 14; see Freytag, Georg (1837), “و ث م”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 435b–436a
- Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 206
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “ء ث م”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 21–22
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “ء ث م”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 6a