יהוה

Hebrew

The Tetragrammaton in Paleo-Hebrew script, old Aramaic script, and square Hebrew.

Etymology

The etymology of this theonym has been discussed very extensively in scholarly literature, but remains uncertain. See the Wikipedia article on Yahweh for further discussion.

Pronunciation

In the Biblical Hebrew of antiquity (before 400 BCE), the word was probably pronounced approximately /jahˈwe/.

Proper noun

יהוה • (YHVH) m

The Tetragrammaton, one of the names of God.
The proper, personal name of the Jewish and Christian God.

Usage notes

The word is written in the Hebrew Bible either without vocalisation or as יְהֹוָה, using the vocalization of the word אֲדֹנָי‎ (adonái, “my Lord”), because of the prohibition of uttering the name. It is thought that the original pronunciation was probably lost around the Hellenistic era. In some cases, when preceded by the word אֲדֹנָי‎ (adonái, “my Lord”), it is written as יֱהֹוִה, using the vocalization of the word אֱלֹהִים‎ (elohím, “God”).
Secular Jews in Israel pronounce the word as אדוני / אֲדֹנָי‎ (adonái) usually, under most circumstances.
Religious Jews pronounce it as אֲדֹנָי‎ (adonái, “my Lord”) only for liturgical purposes, otherwise they use other terms such as הַשֵּׁם‎ (hashém, “the name”).
Samaritans pronounce it as ࠔࠝࠌࠠࠀ‎ (š'mā, “the name”) — from שְׁמָא‎ (šəmā, “the name”), the Aramaic equivalent of הַשֵּׁם‎ (hashém) — under all circumstances, even in liturgy.
Although Jews would not be likely to use the Tetragrammaton to refer to the Christian God, Hebrew-speaking Christians may, and it is used in translations of the New Testament.

Derived terms

יה‎
־יהו‎
יהו־‎

Descendants

→ English: Yahweh, Jehovah
→ Japanese: ヤハウェ (Yahawe)
→ Portuguese: Javé, Jeová (via Latin)
→ Chinese: 耶和華 (Yēhéhuá) (via English)
→ Esperanto: Javeo, Jehovo

References

Brown, Francis; Driver, Samuel Rolles; Briggs, Charles Augustus (1906) A Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, Oxford: Clarendon Press

单词	יהוה
释义	יהוה Hebrew The Tetragrammaton in Paleo-Hebrew script, old Aramaic script, and square Hebrew. Etymology The etymology of this theonym has been discussed very extensively in scholarly literature, but remains uncertain. See the Wikipedia article on Yahweh for further discussion. Pronunciation In the Biblical Hebrew of antiquity (before 400 BCE), the word was probably pronounced approximately /jahˈwe/. Proper noun יהוה • (YHVH) m The Tetragrammaton, one of the names of God. The proper, personal name of the Jewish and Christian God. Usage notes The word is written in the Hebrew Bible either without vocalisation or as *יְהֹוָה, using the vocalization of the word אֲדֹנָי‎ (adonái, “my Lord”), because of the prohibition of uttering the name. It is thought that the original pronunciation was probably lost around the Hellenistic era. In some cases, when preceded by the word אֲדֹנָי‎ (adonái, “my Lord”), it is written as יֱהֹוִה, using the vocalization of the word אֱלֹהִים‎ (elohím, “God”). Secular Jews in Israel pronounce the word as אדוני / אֲדֹנָי‎ (adonái) usually, under most circumstances. Religious Jews pronounce it as אֲדֹנָי‎ (adonái, “my Lord”) only for liturgical purposes, otherwise they use other terms such as הַשֵּׁם‎ (hashém, “the name”). Samaritans pronounce it as ࠔࠝࠌࠠࠀ‎ (š'mā, “the name”) — from שְׁמָא‎ (šəmā, “the name”), the Aramaic equivalent of הַשֵּׁם‎ (hashém) — under all circumstances, even in liturgy. Although Jews would not be likely to use the Tetragrammaton to refer to the Christian God, Hebrew-speaking Christians may, and it is used in translations of the New Testament. Derived terms יה‎ ־יהו‎ יהו־‎ Descendants → English: Yahweh, Jehovah → Japanese: ヤハウェ (Yahawe) → Portuguese: Javé, Jeová (via Latin) → Chinese: 耶和華 (Yēhéhuá) (via English) → Esperanto: Javeo, Jehovo See also 𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤄‎ אהיה‎ יְיָ‎ אֵל‎ (él) אלוהים / אֱלֹהִים‎ (elohím) הַשֵּׁם‎ (hashém) The Tetragrammaton* on Wikipedia.Wikipedia Names of God in Judaism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia References Brown, Francis; Driver, Samuel Rolles; Briggs, Charles Augustus (1906) A Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, Oxford: Clarendon Press Further reading H3068 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
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