ה־

See also: ־ה‎, ה‎, ה׳‎, and Appendix:Variations of "h"

Aramaic

Determiner

הָ־‎ • (hā-)

this
הָשַׁתָּא‎ (hāšattā, “this year”)
הָכָא‎ (hāḵā, “right here”)

Hebrew

Etymology 1

Possibly akin to Arabic هَا‎ (hā) and هٰذَا‎ (hāḏā, “this”); Rubin posits a connection Akkadian 𒀭𒉡𒌝 (annûm, “this”); the final ־נ (-n) in הַנ־*‎ (*han-) would've been assimilated to the first syllable of consonant-initial words; this form would then be generalised to vowel-initial words as well.[1]

Compare Arabic اَل‎ (al-), the standardized Arabic definite article, which is of largely disputed etymology, and זה‎ (definite הזה‎).

Pronunciation

(Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ha/ (usually), IPA^(key): /he/ (sometimes; see usage notes below)

Article

הַ־‎ • (ha-)

(definite article) The.
This: the current or adjacent; used especially with nouns denoting periods of time, and especially יוֹם‎ (yom, “day”).
היום‎ (hayóm, “today”)
הערב‎ (ha'érev, “tonight, this evening”)
הבוקר‎ (habóker, “this morning”)
הלילה‎ (haláila, “tonight; last night”)
הוא מגיע לכתה עוד מעט ― hu magía lakitá od m'at ― He's arriving at the classroom shortly.

Usage notes

In traditional grammar, Hebrew common nouns have three “states”: indefinite (corresponding to English “a(n)/some __”), definite (corresponding to English “the __”), and construct (corresponding to English “a(n)/some/the __ of”). Therefore, the definite article was traditionally considered to be an actual part of the definite noun. In modern colloquial use, the definite article is often taken as a clitic, attaching to a noun but not actually part of it. For example, the Hebrew term for school is בֵּית־סֵפֶר‎ (beit séfer, “house-of book”); so in traditional grammar, “the school” is בֵּית־הַסֵּפֶר (beit-haséfer, “house-of-the-book”), but in modern colloquial speech, it is often הַבֵּית־סֵפֶר (habeit-séfer, “the-house-of-book”).
ה־‎ is used not only with nouns, but also with attributive adjectives; that is, attributive adjectives agree in definiteness with the nouns they modify. This agreement is strictly semantic; an attributive adjective takes ה־‎ if its noun is semantically definite, even if the noun does not itself have ה־‎, for example if it’s a proper noun.
When ה־‎ follows לְ־‎ (l'-, “to, for”), בְּ־‎ (b'-, “in”), or כְּ־‎ (k'-, “like”), the two merge, with the consonant being ל, ב, or כ and the vowel being that from the ה־‎.
In traditional grammar, the consonant after ה־‎ receives a dagésh khazák (gemination), unless it’s one of the letters that cannot take a dagésh (א, ה, ח, ע, ר), in which case the vowel in the ה־‎ changes:
- If the consonant after the ה־‎ is א or ר, or if it’s ע and its syllable is stressed, then a kamáts is used instead of a patákh; so, הָ־‎ (ha-).
- If the consonant after the ה־‎ is ע and its syllable is unstressed, then a segól is used instead of a patákh; so, הֶ־‎ (he-).
- If the consonant after the ה־‎ is ה or ח, then a patákh is used as usual, unless the ה or ח has unstressed kamáts or khatáf kamáts, in which case a segól is used instead.

Etymology 2

Compare Arabic أَ‎ (ʾa) (also its purported dialectal, and now obsoleted, variant, هَ‎ (ha)) and Arabic هَلْ‎ (hal).

Pronunciation

(Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ha/

Particle

הֲ־‎ • (ha-)

(archaic or poetic) An interrogative particle, introducing a yes-no question.
‏הֲשָׁמַעְתָּ?‎‎ ― hashamá'ta? ― Have you heard?
‏הֲיָדַעְתָּ?‎‎ ― hayadá'ta? ― Did you know?
- Genesis 4:09, with translation of the King James Version:
  ‏ […] הֲשֹׁמֵר אָחִי אָנֹכִי׃‎‎ ― hashomér akhí anókhi ― Am I my brother's keeper?
- 1 Kings 21:19, with translation of the English Standard Version:
  ‏הֲרָצַחְתָּ וְגַם־יָרָשְׁתָּ‎ ― haratsakhtá ve'gám yarashtá ― Have you killed and also taken possession?
- 1890 – 1931, Rachel the Poetess, זמר נגה 1
  ‏הֲתִשְׁמַע קוֹלִי, רְחוֹקִי שֶׁלִּי,‎‎
  hatishmá kolí, rekhokí shelí,
  Do you hear my voice, far one of mine,

Usage notes

Before a sh'va this prefix has a patach.

References

Aaron Rubin (2005), “Definite Articles”, in Studies in Semitic Grammaticalization, Brill, DOI:10.1163/9789004370029_005, →ISBN, page 76

[1] Aaron Rubin (2005), “Definite Articles”, in Studies in Semitic Grammaticalization, Brill, DOI:10.1163/9789004370029_005, →ISBN, page 76

单词	ה־
释义	ה־ See also: ־ה‎, ה‎, ה׳‎, and Appendix:Variations of "h" Aramaic Determiner הָ־‎ • (hā-) this הָשַׁתָּא‎ (hāšattā, “this year”) הָכָא‎ (hāḵā, “right here”) Hebrew Etymology 1 Possibly akin to Arabic هَا‎ (hā) and هٰذَا‎ (hāḏā, “this”); Rubin posits a connection Akkadian 𒀭𒉡𒌝 (annûm, “this”); the final ־נ (-n) in הַנ־‎ (han-) would've been assimilated to the first syllable of consonant-initial words; this form would then be generalised to vowel-initial words as well.[1] Compare Arabic اَل‎ (al-), the standardized Arabic definite article, which is of largely disputed etymology, and זה‎ (definite הזה‎). Pronunciation (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ha/ (usually), IPA^(key): /he/ (sometimes; see usage notes below) Article הַ־‎ • (ha-) (definite article) The. This: the current or adjacent; used especially with nouns denoting periods of time, and especially יוֹם‎ (yom, “day”). היום‎ (hayóm, “today”) הערב‎ (ha'érev, “tonight, this evening”) הבוקר‎ (habóker, “this morning”) הלילה‎ (haláila, “tonight; last night”) הוא מגיע לכתה עוד מעט ― hu magía lakitá od m'at ― He's arriving at the classroom shortly. Usage notes In traditional grammar, Hebrew common nouns have three “states”: indefinite (corresponding to English “a(n)/some __”), definite (corresponding to English “the __”), and construct (corresponding to English “a(n)/some/the __ of”). Therefore, the definite article was traditionally considered to be an actual part of the definite noun. In modern colloquial use, the definite article is often taken as a clitic, attaching to a noun but not actually part of it. For example, the Hebrew term for school is בֵּית־סֵפֶר‎ (beit séfer, “house-of book”); so in traditional grammar, “the school” is בֵּית־הַסֵּפֶר (beit-haséfer, “house-of-the-book”), but in modern colloquial speech, it is often הַבֵּית־סֵפֶר (habeit-séfer, “the-house-of-book”). ה־‎ is used not only with nouns, but also with attributive adjectives; that is, attributive adjectives agree in definiteness with the nouns they modify. This agreement is strictly semantic; an attributive adjective takes ה־‎ if its noun is semantically definite, even if the noun does not itself have ה־‎, for example if it’s a proper noun. When ה־‎ follows לְ־‎ (l'-, “to, for”), בְּ־‎ (b'-, “in”), or כְּ־‎ (k'-, “like”), the two merge, with the consonant being ל, ב, or כ and the vowel being that from the ה־‎. In traditional grammar, the consonant after ה־‎ receives a dagésh khazák (gemination), unless it’s one of the letters that cannot take a dagésh (א, ה, ח, ע, ר), in which case the vowel in the ה־‎ changes: If the consonant after the ה־‎ is א or ר, or if it’s ע and its syllable is stressed, then a kamáts is used instead of a patákh; so, הָ־‎ (ha-). If the consonant after the ה־‎ is ע and its syllable is unstressed, then a segól is used instead of a patákh; so, הֶ־‎ (he-). If the consonant after the ה־‎ is ה or ח, then a patákh is used as usual, unless the ה or ח has unstressed kamáts or khatáf kamáts, in which case a segól is used instead. See also ה"א הידיעה‎ on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^he Etymology 2 Compare Arabic أَ‎ (ʾa) (also its purported dialectal, and now obsoleted, variant, هَ‎ (ha)) and Arabic هَلْ‎ (hal). Pronunciation (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ha/ Particle הֲ־‎ • (ha-) (archaic or poetic) An interrogative particle, introducing a yes-no question. ‏הֲשָׁמַעְתָּ?‎‎ ― hashamá'ta? ― Have you heard? ‏הֲיָדַעְתָּ?‎‎ ― hayadá'ta? ― Did you know? Genesis 4:09, with translation of the King James Version: ‏ […] הֲשֹׁמֵר אָחִי אָנֹכִי׃‎‎ ― hashomér akhí anókhi ― Am I my brother's keeper? 1 Kings 21:19, with translation of the English Standard Version: ‏הֲרָצַחְתָּ וְגַם־יָרָשְׁתָּ‎ ― haratsakhtá ve'gám yarashtá ― Have you killed and also taken possession? 1890 – 1931, Rachel the Poetess, זמר נגה 1 ‏הֲתִשְׁמַע קוֹלִי, רְחוֹקִי שֶׁלִּי,‎‎ hatishmá kolí, rekhokí shelí, Do you hear my voice, far one of mine, Usage notes Before a sh'va this prefix has a patach. See also ה"א השאלה‎ on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^he References Aaron Rubin (2005), “Definite Articles”, in Studies in Semitic Grammaticalization, Brill, DOI:10.1163/9789004370029_005, →ISBN, page 76
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