-ւ
See also: ւ, լ, Ւ, and Ի
Old Armenian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *-bʰi. The vowel is preserved in ի-ւի-ք (i-wi-kʿ). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek -𐀠 (-pi), Homeric Ancient Greek -φι (-phi), Sanskrit -भ्याम् (-bhy-ām, “dual ablative-instrumental marker”), भ्यस् (-bhy-as, “plural dative-ablative marker”), भिस् (-bhi-s, “plural instrumental marker”), the plural dative endings in Gaulish gobed-bi (“to the smiths”) and Old Irish feraib (“to the men”).
Alternative forms
- -բ (-b)
- -վ (-v)
Suffix
-ւ • (-w)
- instrumental case marker
Usage notes
-ւ (-w) applied to i- and i-a-stems, -վ (-v) to o-stems, -բ (-b) to ł-, r- and n-stems. The marker dropped regularly after ու (u) in u-stems, e.g. զարդ (zard) : instrumental զարդու (zardu).
Derived terms
- -ով (-ov), -ովք (-ovkʿ)
- -աւ (-aw), -օք (-ōkʿ)
- -իւ (-iw), -իւք (-iwkʿ)
Related terms
- -եւ (-ew)
References
- Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 389
- Godel, Robert (1975) An introduction to the study of classical Armenian, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 103
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2013), “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship, issue 10, § 3.3, page 91
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) A Grammatical Sketch of Classical Armenian, Zagreb
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *-to, the third-person singular past indicative middle ending, e.g. in *bʰére-to.
Suffix
-ւ • (-w)
- third-person singular aorist mediopassive indicative ending of verbs
- նստա-ւ ― nsta-w ― he sat
- հայեցա-ւ ― hayecʿa-w ― he looked
See also
- -ան (-an)
References
- Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 392