ցախ
Armenian
Etymology
Inherited from Old Armenian ցախ (cʿax).
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [t͡sʰɑχ]
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [t͡sʰɑχ]
Noun
ցախ • (cʿax)
- brushwood, dry twigs for fire; firewood
- twigs put near a silkworm, on which it starts spinning its silk cocoon
Declension
i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ցախ (cʿax) | ցախեր (cʿaxer) | ||
| dative | ցախի (cʿaxi) | ցախերի (cʿaxeri) | ||
| ablative | ցախից (cʿaxicʿ) | ցախերից (cʿaxericʿ) | ||
| instrumental | ցախով (cʿaxov) | ցախերով (cʿaxerov) | ||
| locative | ցախում (cʿaxum) | ցախերում (cʿaxerum) | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | ցախը/ցախն (cʿaxə/cʿaxn) | ցախերը/ցախերն (cʿaxerə/cʿaxern) | ||
| dative | ցախին (cʿaxin) | ցախերին (cʿaxerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | ցախս (cʿaxs) | ցախերս (cʿaxers) | ||
| dative | ցախիս (cʿaxis) | ցախերիս (cʿaxeris) | ||
| ablative | ցախիցս (cʿaxicʿs) | ցախերիցս (cʿaxericʿs) | ||
| instrumental | ցախովս (cʿaxovs) | ցախերովս (cʿaxerovs) | ||
| locative | ցախումս (cʿaxums) | ցախերումս (cʿaxerums) | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | ցախդ (cʿaxd) | ցախերդ (cʿaxerd) | ||
| dative | ցախիդ (cʿaxid) | ցախերիդ (cʿaxerid) | ||
| ablative | ցախիցդ (cʿaxicʿd) | ցախերիցդ (cʿaxericʿd) | ||
| instrumental | ցախովդ (cʿaxovd) | ցախերովդ (cʿaxerovd) | ||
| locative | ցախումդ (cʿaxumd) | ցախերումդ (cʿaxerumd) | ||
Derived terms
- ցախանոց (cʿaxanocʿ)
- ցախավել (cʿaxavel)
- ցախատուն (cʿaxatun)
Related terms
- ցաք (cʿakʿ)
Old Armenian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱokHo-. Cognates include Sanskrit शाखा (śākhā, “branch”), Gothic 𐌷𐍉𐌷𐌰 (hōha, “plough”), Old East Slavic соха (soxa, “stake, club, brace, plough”), Lithuanian šakà (“branch”), Old Irish géc (“branch”) and Persian شاخ (šâx, “branch”). Dialectal ցաք (cʿakʿ) is of the same origin.
Noun
ցախ • (cʿax)
- (botany) ash tree or maple tree
- branch, twig with leaves
- scrub, brush, thicket
- brushwood, dry twigs for fire, firewood
- (botany) heather
- (as an adjective, figuratively) tangled in a dense mass
- ցախ մօրուք ― cʿax mōrukʿ ― matted beard
Declension
i-type
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ցախ (cʿax) | ցախք (cʿaxkʿ) | |
| genitive | ցախի (cʿaxi) | ցախից (cʿaxicʿ) | |
| dative | ցախի (cʿaxi) | ցախից (cʿaxicʿ) | |
| accusative | ցախ (cʿax) | ցախս (cʿaxs) | |
| ablative | ցախէ (cʿaxē) | ցախից (cʿaxicʿ) | |
| instrumental | ցախիւ (cʿaxiw) | ցախիւք (cʿaxiwkʿ) | |
| locative | ցախի (cʿaxi) | ցախս (cʿaxs) |
o-type
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ցախ (cʿax) | ցախք (cʿaxkʿ) | |
| genitive | ցախոյ (cʿaxoy) | ցախոց (cʿaxocʿ) | |
| dative | ցախոյ (cʿaxoy) | ցախոց (cʿaxocʿ) | |
| accusative | ցախ (cʿax) | ցախս (cʿaxs) | |
| ablative | ցախոյ (cʿaxoy) | ցախոց (cʿaxocʿ) | |
| instrumental | ցախով (cʿaxov) | ցախովք (cʿaxovkʿ) | |
| locative | ցախ (cʿax) | ցախս (cʿaxs) |
Derived terms
- կապարցախ (kaparcʿax)
- կապրցախ (kaprcʿax)
- ցախեայ (cʿaxeay)
- ցախեմ (cʿaxem)
- ցախսարեկ (cʿaxsarek)
Descendants
- Armenian: ցախ (cʿax)
- Georgian: ცახი (caxi), ცახე (caxe)
References
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “ցախ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
- Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “ցախ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) A Grammatical Sketch of Classical Armenian, Zagreb, page 11
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “c‘ax”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 619–621
- Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “ցախ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy