չամիչ
Armenian
Alternative forms
dialectal forms recorded in dialectological notation[1]
- չամիչ (čʿamičʿ) – Akhaltsikhe, Goris, Ararat, Kharberd, Erzurum, Moks, Muş, Nor Nakhichevan, Constantinople, New Julfa, Tekirdağ, Sivas, Suceava, Van, Tbilisi
- չա̈միչ (čʿämičʿ) – Haçin, Maragheh, Salmas, Diyarbakir
- չա̈մէչ (čʿämēčʿ) – Svedia
- չամիճ (čʿamič) – Alashkert
- չա̈՛մինչ (čʿä́minčʿ), չա՛մէնչ (čʿámēnčʿ), չա՛մըէչ (čʿáməēčʿ) – Karabakh
- չամը՛չ (čʿamə́čʿ) – Zeitun
- չա՛մուչ (čʿámučʿ) – Agulis
- չօ՛մէնչ (čʿṓmēnčʿ) – Meghri
Etymology
From Old Armenian չամիչ (čʿamičʿ).
Pronunciation
Audio (Eastern Armenian) (file) - (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [t͡ʃʰɑˈmit͡ʃʰ]
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [t͡ʃʰɑˈmit͡ʃʰ]
Noun
չամիչ • (čʿamičʿ)
- dried grape, raisin
Declension
i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | չամիչ (čʿamičʿ) | չամիչներ (čʿamičʿner) | ||
| dative | չամչի (čʿamčʿi) | չամիչների (čʿamičʿneri) | ||
| ablative | չամչից (čʿamčʿicʿ) | չամիչներից (čʿamičʿnericʿ) | ||
| instrumental | չամչով (čʿamčʿov) | չամիչներով (čʿamičʿnerov) | ||
| locative | չամչում (čʿamčʿum) | չամիչներում (čʿamičʿnerum) | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | չամիչը/չամիչն (čʿamičʿə/čʿamičʿn) | չամիչները/չամիչներն (čʿamičʿnerə/čʿamičʿnern) | ||
| dative | չամչին (čʿamčʿin) | չամիչներին (čʿamičʿnerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | չամիչս (čʿamičʿs) | չամիչներս (čʿamičʿners) | ||
| dative | չամչիս (čʿamčʿis) | չամիչներիս (čʿamičʿneris) | ||
| ablative | չամչիցս (čʿamčʿicʿs) | չամիչներիցս (čʿamičʿnericʿs) | ||
| instrumental | չամչովս (čʿamčʿovs) | չամիչներովս (čʿamičʿnerovs) | ||
| locative | չամչումս (čʿamčʿums) | չամիչներումս (čʿamičʿnerums) | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | չամիչդ (čʿamičʿd) | չամիչներդ (čʿamičʿnerd) | ||
| dative | չամչիդ (čʿamčʿid) | չամիչներիդ (čʿamičʿnerid) | ||
| ablative | չամչիցդ (čʿamčʿicʿd) | չամիչներիցդ (čʿamičʿnericʿd) | ||
| instrumental | չամչովդ (čʿamčʿovd) | չամիչներովդ (čʿamičʿnerovd) | ||
| locative | չամչումդ (čʿamčʿumd) | չամիչներումդ (čʿamičʿnerumd) | ||
Derived terms
- չամիչխաղող (čʿamičʿxałoł)
- չամչապուր (čʿamčʿapur)
- չամչարակ (čʿamčʿarak)
- չամչել (čʿamčʿel)
- չամչենի (čʿamčʿeni)
- չամչի (čʿamčʿi)
- չամչկենի (čʿamčʿkeni)
- չամչմել (čʿamčʿmel)
References
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), “չամիչ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 623a
Old Armenian
Etymology
Usually considered of unknown origin.[1][2][3]
Probably a Semitic borrowing: compare Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ܟܡܝܫܐ (kmiša, “dried up, dry, shrivelled (of grapes in a drought)”),[4] ܟܡܫ (kamiš, “to become dry, become scorched, dehydrate; to fade, wither, shrivel up, wilt”)[5][6]. Note that here k and š are both pronounced as an emphatic /t͡ʃ/.[7] Accordingly, these are usually transcribed as č̣mič̣a, č̣aməč̣.[8][9][10] Ačaṙyan treats the Assyrian Neo-Aramaic words as Armenian borrowings, but they have native origin from the Aramaic root ܟ-ܡ-ܫ (k-m-š, “to wither”),[11][12][13] whence Aramaic / Classical Syriac [script needed] (kmyš) / ܟܡܝܫܐ (kmyšʾ /kəmīšā/, “wrinkled”), Classical Syriac ܟܡܫܘܢܐ (kmšwnˀ /kamšōnē/, “grape seed, dried raisin”).
Noun
չամիչ • (čʿamičʿ)
- dried grape, raisin
- 5th century, Bible, Numbers 6.4.[14]:
- Զամենայն աւուրս ուխտին իւրոյ յամենայնէ զինչ եւ լինիցի յորթոյ՝ զգինի, ի չամչոյ (var. չամչին, չամիչոյ) մինչեւ ցթինն մի՛ կերիցէ:
- Zamenayn awurs uxtin iwroy yamenaynē zinčʿ ew linicʿi yortʿoy, zgini, i čʿamčʿoy (var. čʿamčʿin, čʿamičʿoy) minčʿew cʿtʿinn mí kericʿē:
- Զամենայն աւուրս ուխտին իւրոյ յամենայնէ զինչ եւ լինիցի յորթոյ՝ զգինի, ի չամչոյ (var. չամչին, չամիչոյ) մինչեւ ցթինն մի՛ կերիցէ:
Usage notes
According to Ačaṙean, ի չամչոյ մինչեւ ցթինն (i čʿamčʿoy minčʿew cʿtʿinn, “from the raisin to the grapeseed”) in Numbers 6:4 should be amended to ի չանչոյ մինչեւ ցթինն (i čʿančʿoy minčʿew cʿtʿinn, “from the grape pomace to the grapeseed”), because the Septuagint correspondent is στέμφυλον (stémphulon, “mass of pressed grapes”).
Declension
o-type
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | չամիչ (čʿamičʿ) | չամիչք (čʿamičʿkʿ) | |
| genitive | չամչոյ (čʿamčʿoy) | չամչոց (čʿamčʿocʿ) | |
| dative | չամչոյ (čʿamčʿoy) | չամչոց (čʿamčʿocʿ) | |
| accusative | չամիչ (čʿamičʿ) | չամիչս (čʿamičʿs) | |
| ablative | չամչոյ (čʿamčʿoy) | չամչոց (čʿamčʿocʿ) | |
| instrumental | չամչով (čʿamčʿov) | չամչովք (čʿamčʿovkʿ) | |
| locative | չամիչ (čʿamičʿ) | չամիչս (čʿamičʿs) |
Derived terms
- չամչախունկ (čʿamčʿaxunk)
- չամչեայ (čʿamčʿeay)
- չամչեղէն (čʿamčʿełēn)
- չամչռեմ (čʿamčʿṙem)
Descendants
- Armenian: չամիչ (čʿamičʿ)
- → Georgian: ჩამიჩი (čamiči)
- → Romani: čamik
- → Turkish: çamıç, çamiç, çemiç, cemiç, çemiş, çemit, çemin
- → Udi: чамич (čamič)
References
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), “չամիչ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 623a
- Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 948
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010), “չամիչ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 611a
- “ܡܝܫ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, accessed 2019-04-20
- “ܟܡܫ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, accessed 2019-04-20
- “ܟܡܫ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, accessed 2019-04-20
- Khan, Geoffrey (2008) The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Barwar (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East; 96), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 62
- Kalašev, A. (1894) Russko-ajsorskij i ajsorsko-russkij slovarʹ [Russian–Assyrian and Assyrian–Russian Dictionary] (Sbornik materialov dlja opisanija městnostej i plemen Kavkaza; 20), Tiflis, page 398b
- Napiorkowska, Lidia (2015) A Grammar of the Christian Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Diyana-Zariwaw (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics; 81), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 526, 570
- Khan, Geoffrey (2016) The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of the Assyrian Christians of Urmi (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics; 86), volume III, Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 135, 136
- “ܟܡܫ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, accessed 2019-04-20
- “kmš”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2019-04-20
- Khan, Geoffrey (2008) The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Barwar (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East; 96), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 278
- Zēytʿunean A. S., editor (1998) Girkʿ Tʿuocʿ [Book of Numbers] (Hay hnagoyn tʿargmanakan yušarjanner), critical text, Antelias: Holy See of Cilicia, page 80
Further reading
- Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “չամիչ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “չամիչ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy