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单词 չաման
释义

չաման

Armenian

Carum carvi

Etymology

From Old Armenian չաման (čʿaman). In some dialects, reborrowed from Ottoman Turkish چمن (çemen). Doublet of քիմիոն (kʿimion).

Pronunciation

  • (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [t͡ʃʰɑˈmɑn]
  • (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [t͡ʃʰɑˈmɑn]

Noun

չաման (čʿaman)

  1. cumin, Cuminum cyminum (plant, seed and paste made from seeds)
    Synonyms: քիմիոն (kʿimion), հոռոմ չաման (hoṙom čʿaman)
  2. caraway, Carum gen. et spp.[1] (plant, seed and paste made from seeds)
    Synonym: հայոց չաման (hayocʿ čʿaman)
  3. fenugreek, Trigonella foenum-graecum[2] (plant, seed and paste made from seeds)
    Synonyms: հացհամեմ (hacʿhamem), թուրք չաման (tʿurkʿ čʿaman)

Usage notes

  • Armenians prepare a paste from čʿaman seeds and garlic, and coat with it the outside of բաստուրմա (basturma).[3]
  • Three Carum species are found in the territory of the Republic of Armenia—Carum caucasicum, Carum carvi and Carum komarovii.[4]

Declension

Alternative forms

  • չամոն (čʿamon), չա̈մա̈ն (čʿämän), չեմեն (čʿemen) dialectal

Descendants

  • Azerbaijani: çəmən
  • Karaim: чаман
  • Ottoman Turkish: چمن (çemen)
    • Turkish: çemen
  • Russian: чама́н (čamán)

References

  1. Роллов, А. Х. (1908), Carum carvi”, in Дикорастущие растения Кавказа, их распространение, свойства и применение (С обозначением туземных названий растений) [Wild plants of the Caucasus, their distribution, properties and uses (Containing the native names of the plants)] (in Russian), Тифлис: тип. К.П. Козловского, page 556, misspelling as чамакъ (čamak)
  2. Malxaseancʿ, Stepʿan (1945), չաման”, in Hayerēn bacʿatrakan baṙaran [Armenian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume IV, Yerevan: State Publishing House, page 9a, identified by the pharmacist Sepetčean
  3. Adamyan, Vahagn; Babayan, Žasmen (2015), չաման”, in Haykakan xohanocʿi baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Cuisine] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: self-published, page 323
  4. Taxtadžjan A. L., editor (1973) Flora Armenii [The Flora of Armenia] (in Russian), volume 6, Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 352–353

Further reading

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1902), չէմէն”, in Tʿurkʿerēni azdecʿutʿiwnə hayerēni vray ew tʿurkʿerēnē pʿoxaṙeal baṙerə Pōlsi hay žołovrdakan lezuin mēǰ hamematutʿeamb Vani, Łarabałi ew Nor-Naxiǰewani barbaṙnerun [The influence of Turkish on Armenian, and the Turkish borrowings in the vernacular Armenian of Constantinople in comparison with the dialects of Van, Karabakh and Nor Nakhichevan] (Ēminean azgagrakan žołovacu; 3) (in Armenian), Moscow and Vagharshapat: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, page 271
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), չաման”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 622–623
  • Bussmann, Rainer W., editor (2017) Ethnobotany of the Caucasus (European Ethnobotany), Springer, pages 171–176
  • Mkrtčjan, N. A. (1983), “Субстратные названия растений в армянском языке [Substratum Plant Names in Armenian]”, in Древний Восток (in Russian), issue 4, Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 36–37
  • Łazaryan, Ṙ. S. (1981), չաման”, in Busanunneri hayeren-latineren-ṙuseren-angleren-franseren-germaneren baṙaran [Armenian–Latin–Russian–English–French–German Dictionary of Plant Names], Yerevan: University Press, § 964, page 77a

Old Armenian

Etymology

Borrowed from an unidentified member of the family of Akkadian 𒌑𒁷𒊺𒉪 (Ú.GAMUN /kamūnu/), in Nuzi also 𒌑𒁷𒊺𒉪 (Ú.GAMUN /kamannu/), Aramaic כמונא (kammōnā), Arabic كَمُّون (kammūn), Sumerian 𒁷𒊺𒉪 (gamun), Hittite 𒆏𒉺𒀀𒉌 (kap-pa-a-ni /kappani/), Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon) etc. The correspondence of չ- (čʿ-) to Semitic k- is also seen in չամիչ (čʿamičʿ).

Noun

չաման (čʿaman)

  1. cumin, Cuminum cyminum
    • 5th century, Bible, Matthew 23.23:[1]
      Վա՜յ ձեզ դպրաց եւ փարիսեցւոց կեղծաւորաց․ զի տասանորդէ՛ք զանանուխ եւ զսամիթ եւ զչաման, եւ թողէք զծանր ծանր օրինացն՝ զդատաստան, եւ զողորմութիւն եւ զհաւատս․ զայս արժա՛ն էր առնել՝ եւ զայն՝ չթողո՛ւլ։
      Va!y jez dpracʿ ew pʿarisecʿwocʿ kełcaworacʿ; zi tasanordḗkʿ zananux ew zsamitʿ ew zčʿaman, ew tʿołēkʿ zcanr canr ōrinacʿn, zdatastan, ew zołormutʿiwn ew zhawats; zays aržán ēr aṙnel, ew zayn, čʿtʿołúl.
      • Translation by King James Version
        Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye pay tithe of mint and anise and cummin, and have omitted the weightier [matters] of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith: these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.

Usage notes

In the Bible, translates Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon).

Declension

Derived terms

  • չամանուկ (čʿamanuk)
  • չամանջուր (čʿamanǰur)

Descendants

  • Armenian: չաման (čʿaman)
    • Azerbaijani: çəmən
    • Karaim: чаман
    • Ottoman Turkish: چمن (çemen)
      • Turkish: çemen
    • Russian: чама́н (čamán)

See also

  • ճապուռ (čapuṙ)

References

  1. Zōhrapean, Yovhannēs, editor (1805) Astuacašunčʿ matean Hin ew Nor Ktakaranacʿ [Bible: Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments], volume IV, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 52

Further reading

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), չաման”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 622–623
  • Ališan, Łewond (1895), չաման”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʿiwn [Armenian Botany] (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 2437, pages 513–514
  • Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1837), չաման”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 562b
  • Greppin, John A. C. (1987), “Some Early Botanical Loan Words Shared by Armenian and Semitic”, in Annual of Armenian linguistics, issue 8, page 78 of 73–82
  • Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 394
  • Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 936
  • Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), չաման”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Rosół, Rafał (2013) Frühe Semitische Lehnwörter im Griechischen (in German), Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, pages 55–56
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