beirid
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbʲɛɾʲədʲ/
Verb
beirid
- (archaic, Munster) third-person plural present indicative/present subjunctive of beir
Usage notes
The modern standard forms are beireann siad in the indicative and go mbeire siad in the subjunctive.
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| beirid | bheirid | mbeirid |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Middle Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish beirid, from Proto-Celtic *bereti, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. See Old Irish ro·uic for the etymology of the suppletive perfective forms.
Pronunciation
- (earlier) IPA(key): /ˈbʲerʲəðʲ/
- (later) IPA(key): /ˈbʲerʲəɣʲ/
Verb
beirid (conjunct beir, verbal noun breth)
- to carry, bring
- c. 1000, The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig, section 1, published in Irische Teste, vol. 1 (1880), edited by Ernst Windisch:
- Ro·ferad failte friu uile, ocus ructha chuci-sium isin mbruidin.
- They were all made welcome and brought to him in the hall.
- c. 1000, Anonymous; published in (1935), Rudolf Thurneysen, editor, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó, Dublin: Staionery Office, § 1, l. 15, page 2: “Mani·tucad immurgu ní din chéttadall ni·bered a n-aill. [If, however, he did not take anything at (literally “from”) his first thrust, he did not bring the second.]”
- c. 1000, The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig, section 1, published in Irische Teste, vol. 1 (1880), edited by Ernst Windisch:
Conjugation
- Third person singular imperfect indicative: ·bered
- Plural passive perfect contracted absolute: ructha
Descendants
- Irish: beir
- Manx: behr
- Scottish Gaelic: beir
Mutation
| Middle Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| beirid | beirid pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ | mbeirid |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “beirid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *bereti, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. See ro·uic for the etymology of the suppletive perfective forms.
Cognates include Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (bairan), Ancient Greek φέρω (phérō), Sanskrit भरति (bhárati), Latin ferō, Old Church Slavonic бьрати (bĭrati).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbʲerʲiðʲ]
Verb
beirid (conjunct ·beir, verbal noun breth)
- to carry, bring
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 6c9
- Ní hed not·beir i nem, cía ba loingthech.
- It is not this that brings you sg into heaven, that you may be gluttonous.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 6c9
- to bear (children)
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 129c8
- in tan ṁberes claind, is fáilid íar sin
- when she bears children, she is joyous after that
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 129c8
- to give (judgment)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 9c12
- Bat hé berte bretha lib.
- Let it be them who give judgments among you.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 9c12
- to refer [+ fri (object) = to]
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 29a28
- Ní taibre grád for nech causa a pectha ꝉ a chaíngníma: ar bíit alaili and ro·finnatar a pecthe resíu do·coí grád forru; alaili is íarum ro·finnatar. Berir dano fri láa brátha.
- You sg should not confer orders on anyone because of his sin or of his good deed: for there are some whose sins are found out before their ordination, others whose [sins] are found out afterwards. Reference is made, then, to the day of judgment.
- (literally, “…before orders go upon them…”)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 29a28
Conjugation
Simple, class B I present, t preterite, é future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | biru | biri | beirid | bermai | beirthe | berait | berir, berair | bertair |
| Conj. | ·biur | ·bir | ·beir; not·beir (prefixed with no-t-) | ·beram | ·beirid | ·berat | ·berar | ·bertar | |
| Rel. | beres, beires | berte, bertae | berar | bertar | |||||
| Imperfect indicative | ·berinn, ·beirinn | ·beired | ·beirmis | ·beirtis | ·beirthe | ·beirtis | |||
| Preterite | Abs. | birt | brethae | ||||||
| Conj. | ·biurt | ·birt | ·bert | ·bertatar | ·breth | ·bretha | |||
| Rel. | bert | bertatar | |||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Abs. | bérae | béraid | bérait | bérthair | ||||
| Conj. | ·bér | ·bérae | ·béra | ·béram | ·bérat | ·bérthar | ·bértar | ||
| Rel. | béras | bértae | bérthar | ||||||
| Conditional | ·bérainn | ·bértha | ·bérad | ·bérmais | ·bérthae | ·bértais | ·bérthae | ||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | beraid | berthair | ||||||
| Conj. | ·ber | ·berae | ·bera | ·beram | ·beraid | ·berat | ·berthar | ·bertar | |
| Rel. | berte, bertae | ||||||||
| Past subjunctive | ·berinn, ·berainn | ·bertha | ·berad | ·bermais | ·berthae | ·bertais | ·berthae | ·bertais | |
| Imperative | beir | beired | beram | beirid | berar | ||||
| Verbal noun | breth | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Perfective forms derived from ro·uic:
Complex, class A I present, f future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | ro·ucca | ro·ucthar | ||||||
| Prot. | ·rucaim | ·ruca, ·rucca | ·rucat | ·ructhar | |||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·rucad | ·ructais | |||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ro·uccus | ro·ucais | ro·ucc, ro·uic | ro·ucsaid | ro·ucsat | ro·ucad | ro·uctha | |
| Prot. | ·rucus | ·rucais | ·ruc | ·rucsat | ·rucad | ·ructha | |||
| Future | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·rucfaither | ·rucfaiter | |||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·ruca, ·rucca | ·ructar | |||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·ruccainn | ·ructhae | ·ructais | ||||||
| Imperative | uic | ||||||||
| Verbal noun | |||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Derived terms
- ad·opair
- ad·tairbir
- ar·beir
- as·beir
- con·beir
- do·aidbir
- do·airbir
- do·beir
- do·fúapair
- do·opair
- fo·opair
- for·beir
- fo·tabair
- fris·beir
- fris·tabair
- imm·beir
- imm·tabair
- in·tairbir
- remi·epir
- tremi·beir
Descendants
- Middle Irish: beirid
- Irish: beir
- Manx: behr
- Scottish Gaelic: beir
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| beirid | beirid pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ | mbeirid |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “beirid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language