կրծեմ
Old Armenian
Alternative forms
- կրծում (krcum)
Etymology
The origin is uncertain. Some of the derivatives point to a full root *կուրծ- (*kurc-), but it may be a back-formation from կրծեմ (krcem).
Usually connected with Proto-Slavic *gryzti, Lithuanian gráužti (“to gnaw”), sometimes also Ancient Greek βρύχω (brúkhō, “to gnash, grind the teeth”), and derived from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ruǵ-, but because *g⁽ʷ⁾r- would yield Armenian երկ- (erk-),[1] one has to assume a metathesised variant *gurǵ- for Armenian.[2][3][4][5][6]
Perhaps a Semitic borrowing, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *qaraṣ- (“to poke, prick”), whence notably the Arabic roots ق ر ص (q-r-ṣ) related to pinching and stinging and ق ر ض (q-r-ḍ) related to cutting and gnawing and the Classical Syriac root ܩ-ܪ-ܨ (q-r-ṣ) related to stinging.
See also կուրծ (kurc).
Verb
կրծեմ • (krcem)
- (transitive) to gnaw, to nibble
- (transitive) to corrode, to canker
- (transitive) to eat, to consume, to destroy
- (transitive) to take or carry away by force (e.g. territories)
Conjugation
| infinitive | կրծել (krcel) | participle | կրծեցեալ, կրծեալ (krcecʿeal, krceal) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| causative | — | aorist stem | կրծեց- (krcecʿ-) | ||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | ես | դու | նա | մեք | դուք | նոքա | |
| present | կրծեմ (krcem) | կրծես (krces) | կրծէ (krcē) | կրծեմք (krcemkʿ) | կրծէք (krcēkʿ) | կրծեն (krcen) | |
| imperfect | կրծէի, կրծեի* (krcēi, krcei*) | կրծէիր, կրծեիր* (krcēir, krceir*) | կրծէր (krcēr) | կրծէաք, կրծեաք* (krcēakʿ, krceakʿ*) | կրծէիք, կրծեիք* (krcēikʿ, krceikʿ*) | կրծէին, կրծեին* (krcēin, krcein*) | |
| aorist | կրծեցի (krcecʿi) | կրծեցեր (krcecʿer) | կրծեաց (krceacʿ) | կրծեցաք (krcecʿakʿ) | կրծեցէք, կրծեցիք (krcecʿēkʿ, krcecʿikʿ) | կրծեցին (krcecʿin) | |
| subjunctive | ես | դու | նա | մեք | դուք | նոքա | |
| present | կրծիցեմ (krcicʿem) | կրծիցես (krcicʿes) | կրծիցէ (krcicʿē) | կրծիցեմք (krcicʿemkʿ) | կրծիցէք (krcicʿēkʿ) | կրծիցեն (krcicʿen) | |
| aorist | կրծեցից (krcecʿicʿ) | կրծեսցես (krcescʿes) | կրծեսցէ (krcescʿē) | կրծեսցուք (krcescʿukʿ) | կրծեսջիք (krcesǰikʿ) | կրծեսցեն (krcescʿen) | |
| imperatives | — | (դու) | — | — | (դուք) | — | |
| imperative | — | կրծեա՛ (krceá) | — | — | կրծեցէ՛ք (krcecʿḗkʿ) | — | |
| cohortative | — | կրծեսջի՛ր (krcesǰír) | — | — | կրծեսջի՛ք (krcesǰíkʿ) | — | |
| prohibitive | — | մի՛ կրծեր (mí krcer) | — | — | մի՛ կրծէք (mí krcēkʿ) | — | |
| *rare | |||||||
Derived terms
- կաշառակուրծ (kašaṙakurc)
- կաշառակրծություն (kašaṙakrcutʿyun)
- կրծլի (krcli)
- կրծլութիւն (krclutʿiwn)
Descendants
- Armenian: կրծել (krcel)
References
- Meillet, Antoine (1925), “Comptes Rendus”, in Bulletin de la Société de linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 26, issue 80, page 213
- Müller, Friedrich (1890), “Armeniaca VI”, in Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Classe (in German), volume 122, page 4
- Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 462
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), “կուրծ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 666ab
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʿ lezvi patmutʿyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 173
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010), “կրծել”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, pages 434–435
Further reading
- Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “կրծեմ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “կրծեմ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy