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单词 խորշակ
释义

խորշակ

Armenian

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian խորշակ (xoršak).

Pronunciation

  • (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [χɔɾˈʃɑk]
  • (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [χɔɾˈʃɑɡ]

Noun

խորշակ (xoršak) (literary)

  1. hot wind, parching wind

Declension


Old Armenian

Alternative forms

  • խորշ (xorš) post-classical, hapax

Etymology

A Middle Iranian borrowing. Compare Manichaean Parthian 𐫍𐫇𐫢𐫀𐫃‎ (hwšʾg‎ /hōšāg/, hot wind, parching wind, literally drying), which is from the same root as Persian خوشیدن (xošīdan, to grow dry; to shrivel; to burn, parch). To explain the -որ- (-or-) a contamination with a reflex of Proto-Iranian *húHar (sun) is assumed.

Aghwan 𐕀𐕒𐔽𐔰𐕣 (xoʕak) and Old Georgian ხორშაკი (xoršaḳi), Georgian ხორშა (xorša), are from the same source.

Noun

խորշակ (xoršak)

  1. hot wind, parching wind
    • 5th century, Bible, Deuteronomy 28.22:[1]
      Հարցէ զքեզ Տէր տարակուսանօք եւ ջերմամբ եւ սարսռով․ եւ խթիւք եւ երկիղիւ եւ խորշակաւ եւ գունով․ եւ հալածեսցեն զքեզ մինչեւ կորուսցեն զքեզ
      Harcʿē zkʿez Tēr tarakusanōkʿ ew ǰermamb ew sarsṙov; ew xtʿiwkʿ ew erkiłiw ew xoršakaw ew gunov; ew halacescʿen zkʿez minčʿew koruscʿen zkʿez
      • Translation by Brenton Septuagint Translation
        May the Lord strike you with difficulty and fever and cold and irritation and murder and with blight and paleness, and they shall pursue you until they destroy you.
    • 5th century, Bible, Job 27.21:[2]
      Առցէ զնա խորշակ եւ գնասցէ, եւ հոսեսցէ զնա ի տեղւոջէ իւրմէ:
      Aṙcʿē zna xoršak ew gnascʿē, ew hosescʿē zna i tełwoǰē iwrmē:
      • Translation by Claude E. Cox
        Burning wind will take him up, and he will depart.

Usage notes

  • In Deuteronomy, translates Ancient Greek ἀνεμοφθορία (anemophthoría).
  • In Job, translates Ancient Greek καύσων (kaúsōn).

Declension

Derived terms

  • բազմախորշակ (bazmaxoršak)
  • խորշակագնաց (xoršakagnacʿ)
  • խորշակախառն (xoršakaxaṙn)
  • խորշակահար (xoršakahar)
  • խորշակահարութիւն (xoršakaharutʿiwn)
  • խորշակայեղց (xoršakayełcʿ)
  • խորշակաչոր (xoršakačʿor)
  • խորշակառ (xoršakaṙ)
  • խորշակասուն (xoršakasun)

Descendants

  • Armenian: խորշակ (xoršak) (learned)

Further reading

  • Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) , խորշակ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973) , խորշ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 410b, unaware of the Middle Persian form tentatively connects with Biblical Hebrew חרישי (xarīšī, perhaps sultry), a hapax occurring in Jonah 9:8
  • Gippert, Jost (2009) , “An Etymological Trifle”, in Werner Sundermann et al., editors, Exegisti monumenta. Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams (Iranica; 17), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pages 127–140
  • Gippert, Jost (2017) , “Armeno-Albanica II: Exchanging doves”, in Bjarne Simmelkjær Sandgaard Hansen et al., editors, Usque ad radices: Indo-European studies in honour of Birgit Anette Olsen (Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European; 8), Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, page 181
  • Korn, Agnes; Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2009) , “Parthian seen from a Balochi Perspective”, in Studia Iranica, volume 38, issue 1, DOI:doi:10.2143/si.38.1.2042578 , pages 9–10
  • Korn, Agnes; Olsen, Birgit Anette (2012) , “On Armenian -agin: additional evidence for a third West Middle Iranian dialect?”, in Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft, volume 66, issue 2, pages 208–209
  • Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 245, 885
  • Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879) , խորշակ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy

References

  1. Cox, Claude E. (1981) The Armenian translation of Deuteronomy (Armenian texts and studies; 2), University of Pennsylvania: Scholars Press, pages 184–185
  2. Cox, Claude E. (2006) Armenian Job: reconstructed Greek text, critical edition of the Armenian with English translation (Hebrew University Armenian studies; 8), Leuven – Paris – Dudley, MA: Peeters, pages 180–181
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