թովեմ
Old Armenian
Etymology
According to Ačaṙyan, the original meaning is “to speak”. For the semantic shift compare English spell (“speech; magical spell”). He derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *tow- (“to talk, to read”), with Sanskrit स्तुते (stute, “to praise”), Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬎- (stu-, “to praise”) as cognates. Pokorny lists the Aryan words with Ancient Greek στεῦται (steûtai, “to promise or threaten that one will”) under Proto-Indo-European *steu- (“to praise loudly”) without Armenian. J̌ahukyan finds Ačaṙyan's etymology improbable and proposes derivation from Proto-Indo-European *tow-, from *tew- (“to be attentive in a friendly manner”), with Celtic as the closest cognate: compare Middle Welsh tut (“magician”).
Verb
թովեմ • (tʿovem)
- (transitive) to cast a spell, to charm, to enchant
- (transitive) to incite, to provoke (into doing something bad)
Conjugation
active
| infinitive | թովել (tʿovel) | participle | թովեցեալ, թովեալ (tʿovecʿeal, tʿoveal) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| causative | — | aorist stem | թովեց- (tʿovecʿ-) | ||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | ես | դու | նա | մեք | դուք | նոքա | |
| present | թովեմ (tʿovem) | թովես (tʿoves) | թովէ (tʿovē) | թովեմք (tʿovemkʿ) | թովէք (tʿovēkʿ) | թովեն (tʿoven) | |
| imperfect | թովէի, թովեի* (tʿovēi, tʿovei*) | թովէիր, թովեիր* (tʿovēir, tʿoveir*) | թովէր (tʿovēr) | թովէաք, թովեաք* (tʿovēakʿ, tʿoveakʿ*) | թովէիք, թովեիք* (tʿovēikʿ, tʿoveikʿ*) | թովէին, թովեին* (tʿovēin, tʿovein*) | |
| aorist | թովեցի (tʿovecʿi) | թովեցեր (tʿovecʿer) | թովեաց (tʿoveacʿ) | թովեցաք (tʿovecʿakʿ) | թովեցէք, թովեցիք (tʿovecʿēkʿ, tʿovecʿikʿ) | թովեցին (tʿovecʿin) | |
| subjunctive | ես | դու | նա | մեք | դուք | նոքա | |
| present | թովիցեմ (tʿovicʿem) | թովիցես (tʿovicʿes) | թովիցէ (tʿovicʿē) | թովիցեմք (tʿovicʿemkʿ) | թովիցէք (tʿovicʿēkʿ) | թովիցեն (tʿovicʿen) | |
| aorist | թովեցից (tʿovecʿicʿ) | թովեսցես (tʿovescʿes) | թովեսցէ (tʿovescʿē) | թովեսցուք (tʿovescʿukʿ) | թովեսջիք (tʿovesǰikʿ) | թովեսցեն (tʿovescʿen) | |
| imperatives | — | (դու) | — | — | (դուք) | — | |
| imperative | — | թովեա՛ (tʿoveá) | — | — | թովեցէ՛ք (tʿovecʿḗkʿ) | — | |
| cohortative | — | թովեսջի՛ր (tʿovesǰír) | — | — | թովեսջի՛ք (tʿovesǰíkʿ) | — | |
| prohibitive | — | մի՛ թովեր (mí tʿover) | — | — | մի՛ թովէք (mí tʿovēkʿ) | — | |
| *rare | |||||||
Derived terms
- թոթովեմ (tʿotʿovem)
- թովիչ (tʿovičʿ)
- թովչաբար (tʿovčʿabar)
- թովչութիւն (tʿovčʿutʿiwn)
- թուչաբար (tʿučʿabar)
- թուչութիւն (tʿučʿutʿiwn)
Descendants
- Armenian: թովել (tʿovel)
References
- Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “թովեմ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “թովեմ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), “թովել”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 199
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1035
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʿ lezvi patmutʿyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 154, 196
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010), “թովեմ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 272a