թեշի

թեշի

Armenian

Alternative forms

• թէշի (tʿēši) – traditional orthography spelling, dialectological notation
• թեշիկ (tʿešik) – Akhaltsikhe, Erzurum

Etymology

An Iranian, probably Kurdish borrowing: compare Northern Kurdish teşî, Central Kurdish تەشی‎ (teşî), تەشوو‎ (teşû), Southern Kurdish تەشی‎ (teşî), Laki تەشی‎ (teşî), تەشۊنِک‎ (teşünik, “spindle”). Also from Kurdish: Hulaulá taši (“hand-spindle”),[1][2] Chaldean Neo-Aramaic ܬܲܫܝܼܵܐ‎ (taššiya, “spindle”),[3][4] Lishán Didán taši, tašši (“distaff”)[5][6]. Dialectal Turkish terşi, teşi, teşik, tişe (“apparatus for skeining wool”), dialectal Azerbaijani teşi (“spindle”) are usually considered Armenian borrowings.[7][8][9][10] The Kurdish too is often treated as an Armenian loan,[8][11] but the opposite direction of borrowing is more likely because թեշի(կ) (tʿeši(k)) is not attested in Old or Middle Armenian and is limited to a few dialects, while the Kurdish is present in Central and Southern varieties and has a plausible native etymology (see below).

Ultimately probably from Proto-Iranian *častra- (“spindle”), whence also Munji čašīkȧ, čéša, Yidgha [script needed] (čɛšo), Pashto څاښی‎ (śāẍay), څاشی‎ (śāšay), Yagnobi ташк (tašk), Ormuri [script needed] (tisk, “spindle”),[12][13][14][15] Shahrudi taši, teši (“twister, spindle”). Note that the *č- → t- dissimilation is regular in Kurdish.[16]

Pronunciation

• (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [tʰɛˈʃi]
• (Western Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [tʰɛˈʃi]
• Hyphenation: թե‧շի

Noun

թեշի • (tʿeši)

1. (dialectal, Ararat, Nor Bayazet, Khoy) spindle

   Synonym: իլիկ (ilik)

Declension

u-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)

	singular	plural
nominative	թեշի (tʿeši)	թեշիներ (tʿešiner)
dative	թեշու (tʿešu)	թեշիների (tʿešineri)
ablative	թեշուց (tʿešucʿ)	թեշիներից (tʿešinericʿ)
instrumental	թեշով, թեշիով (tʿešov, tʿešiov)	թեշիներով (tʿešinerov)
locative	թեշում, թեշիում (tʿešum, tʿešium)	թեշիներում (tʿešinerum)
	definite forms
nominative	թեշին (tʿešin)	թեշիները/թեշիներն (tʿešinerə/tʿešinern)
dative	թեշուն (tʿešun)	թեշիներին (tʿešinerin)
	1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative	թեշիս (tʿešis)	թեշիներս (tʿešiners)
dative	թեշուս (tʿešus)	թեշիներիս (tʿešineris)
ablative	թեշուցս (tʿešucʿs)	թեշիներիցս (tʿešinericʿs)
instrumental	թեշովս, թեշիովս (tʿešovs, tʿešiovs)	թեշիներովս (tʿešinerovs)
locative	թեշումս, թեշիումս (tʿešums, tʿešiums)	թեշիներումս (tʿešinerums)
	2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative	թեշիդ (tʿešid)	թեշիներդ (tʿešinerd)
dative	թեշուդ (tʿešud)	թեշիներիդ (tʿešinerid)
ablative	թեշուցդ (tʿešucʿd)	թեշիներիցդ (tʿešinericʿd)
instrumental	թեշովդ, թեշիովդ (tʿešovd, tʿešiovd)	թեշիներովդ (tʿešinerovd)
locative	թեշումդ, թեշիումդ (tʿešumd, tʿešiumd)	թեշիներումդ (tʿešinerumd)

References

1. Khan, Geoffrey (2004) The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Sulemaniyya and Ḥalabja (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics; 44), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 615b
2. Khan, Geoffrey (2009) The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Sanandaj (Gorgias Neo-Aramaic Studies; 10), Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 182, 615
3. Coghill, Eleanor (2003) The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Alqosh (PhD thesis)‎, University of Cambridge, page 222
4. “ܬܫܝܐ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, accessed 2019-05-12
5. Garbell, Irene (1965) The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Persian Azerbaijan (Janua Linguarum. Series Practica; 3), London, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co., page 336
6. Khan, Geoffrey (2008) The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Urmi (Gorgias Neo-Aramaic Studies; 2), Gorgias Press, page 599
7. Gayayan, Harutʿyun (1977), “Gorgagorcutʿyan meǰ kiraṙvoł hayeren pʿoxaṙyal baṙer tʿurkʿerenum [Armenian Borrowings in Turkish, Used in Carpet Making]”, in Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri [Herald of the Social Sciences]‎ (in Armenian), issue 8, pages 97–98
8. Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 47–48
9. Bläsing, Uwe (1995) Armenisch-Türkisch. Etymologische Betrachtungen ausgehend von Materialien aus dem Hemşingebiet (Dutch Studies in Armenian Language and Literature; 4) (in German), Amsterdam and Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 45
10. Eren, Hasan (1999), “teşi, teşik”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 405
11. Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 384–385
12. Андреев, М. С.; Пещерева, Е. М. (1957), “tašk”, in Ягнобские тексты с приложением ягнобско-русского словаря, составленного М. С. Андреевым, В. А. Лившицем и А. К. Писарчи [Yagnobi Texts with a Yagnobi–Russian Dictionary Compiled by M. S. Andrejev, V. A. Livšic and A. K. Pisarči] (in Russian), Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 333a
13. Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) Iranian Pamir Languages (Yidgha-Munji, Sanglechi-Ishkashmi and Wakhi) (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: H. Aschehoug & Co., page 204a
14. Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 253–254
15. Hassandoust, Mohammad (2002/2003), Bahman Sarkarati, editor, Farhang-e riše-šenâxti-ye zabân-e Farsi [An Etymological Dictionary of the Persian Language] (in Persian), volume I: Â-B, Tehran: Academy of Persian Language and Literature, →ISBN, pages 497–498
16. Asatrian, G.; Livshits, V. (1994), “Origine du système consonantique de la langue kurde”, in Acta Kurdica, volume 1, page 89 of 81–108

Further reading

• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1913), “թեշի”, in Hayerēn gawaṙakan baṙaran [Armenian Provincial Dictionary] (Ēminean azgagrakan žołovacu; 9) (in Armenian), Tiflis: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, page 357b
• Amatuni, Sahak (1912), “առիջկան”, in Hayocʿ baṙ u ban [Armenian Words and Idioms] (in Armenian), Vagharshapat: Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, page 57a
• Chyet, Michael L. (2003), “tevşo”, in Kurdish–English Dictionary, with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, page 611b
• Jaba, Auguste; Justi, Ferdinand (1879) Dictionnaire Kurde-Français [Kurdish–French Dictionary], Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 100b
• Nawasardeancʿ, Tigran (1903), “թէշի”, in Baṙgirkʿ Araratean barbaṙi [Dictionary of Ararat Dialect] (in Armenian), Tiflis: Tparan Movsēs Vardaneancʿi, page 41a
• Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2002), “թեշի”, in Hayocʿ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume II, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 100a