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单词 թաղ
释义

թաղ

Armenian

Pronunciation

  • (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [tʰɑʁ]
  • (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [tʰɑʁ]
  • (file)

Etymology 1

From Old Armenian թաղ (tʿał).

Noun

թաղ (tʿał)

  1. neighborhood, district, quarter (of a city)
    Synonyms: մայլա (mayla), (dialectal) թաղամաս (tʿałamas)
  2. (dialectal) family plot in a cemetery
Declension
Derived terms
  • բազմաթաղ (bazmatʿał)
  • թաղական (tʿałakan)
  • թաղակից (tʿałakicʿ)
  • թաղամաս (tʿałamas)
  • թաղամեջ (tʿałameǰ)
  • թաղային (tʿałayin)
  • թաղապետ (tʿałapet)
  • թաղապետական (tʿałapetakan)
  • թաղապետարան (tʿałapetaran)
  • թաղապետություն (tʿałapetutʿyun)
  • թաղավոր (tʿałavor)
  • թաղեկից (tʿałekicʿ)
  • թաղեցի (tʿałecʿi)
Descendants
  • Northern Kurdish: t’aẍ
  • Udi: тагъ (taɣ)

Further reading

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), թաղ (1)”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 143ab

Etymology 2

From թաղել (tʿałel, to bury).

Noun

թաղ (tʿał) (dialectal)

  1. burying of vines in winter
  2. buried vine branches
  3. branch
  4. procumbent (trailing) stem of plants like watermelon, melon, cucumber
Declension
Descendants
  • Azerbaijani: tağ

Further reading

  • Malxaseancʿ, Stepʿan (1944), թաղ (1)”, in Hayerēn bacʿatrakan baṙaran [Armenian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume II, Yerevan: State Publishing House, page 78a

Etymology 3

From Persian طاق (tâq).

Noun

թաղ (tʿał)

  1. vault, arch
Declension
Derived terms
  • թաղածածկ (tʿałacack)
  • թաղակապ (tʿałakap)

Further reading

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), թաղ (5)”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 145b
  • Malxaseancʿ, Stepʿan (1944), թաղ (5)”, in Hayerēn bacʿatrakan baṙaran [Armenian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume II, Yerevan: State Publishing House, page 78a

Old Armenian

Etymology 1

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *tl̥h₂-, the zero-grade of *telh₂- (ground), and related to թաղեմ (tʿałem, to bury).

Noun

թաղ (tʿał)

  1. quarter (of a city)
    • 5th century, Łazar Pʿarpecʿi, Patmutʿiwn Hayocʿ [History of Armenia] 3:[1][2]
      Իսկ որ յառաջագոյն շինեալ Բիւզանդիոսն էր՝ է թաղ մի յեզեր նորին քաղաքի, որ մինչև ցայսօր նորին անուամբ կոչի Բիւզանդիոս:
      Isk or yaṙaǰagoyn šineal Biwzandiosn ēr, ē tʿał mi yezer norin kʿałakʿi, or minčʿew cʿaysōr norin anuamb kočʿi Biwzandios:
      • Translation by Robert W. Thomson
        The Byzantium that was built earlier is a quarter at the edge of the city, which up to today is called by its name Byzantium.
    • 13th century, Vardan Arewelcʿi, Meknutʿiwn Sałmosacʿ Dawtʿi [Commentary on Psalms of David] :[3]
      Այլև՝ որպէս քաղաք ասելն՝ նշանակէ զզգալիս, որ թաղք թաղք շինեցաւ յամենայն երկիր․ նման գոլ իմանալւոյն՝ որ անդ են դասք և թաղք զօրացն հրեղինաց, ուր և զպակասն լնուն որդիք Ադամայ, շինեալք զաւերեալն յապստամբէն։
      Aylew, orpēs kʿałakʿ aseln, nšanakē zzgalis, or tʿałkʿ tʿałkʿ šinecʿaw yamenayn erkir; nman gol imanalwoyn, or and en daskʿ ew tʿałkʿ zōracʿn hrełinacʿ, ur ew zpakasn lnun ordikʿ Adamay, šinealkʿ zawerealn yapstambēn.
Derived terms
  • թաղնորդ (tʿałnord)
  • թաղեմ (tʿałem, to bury) (probably)
Descendants
  • Armenian: թաղ (tʿał)
    • Northern Kurdish: t’aẍ
    • Udi: тагъ (taɣ)

References

  1. Łazar Pʿarpecʿi (1904), G. Tēr-Mkrtčʿean and St. Malxasean, editors, Patmutʿiwn Hayocʿ ew tʿułtʿ aṙ Vahan Mamikonean [History of Armenia and Letter to Vahan Mamikonian] (Patmagirkʿ hayocʿ; I.4), Tiflis: Aragatip Mnacʿakan Martiroseancʿi, page 4
  2. Thomson, Robert W. (1991) The History of Łazar Pʿarpecʿi (Columbia University Program in Armenian Studies. Suren D. Fesjian Academic Publications; 4), Atlanta, Georgia: Scholars Press, page 37
  3. Vardan Barjrberdcʿi (1797) Meknutʿiwn sałmosacʿ Dawtʿi [Commentary on Psalms of David], Astrakhan: Press of Arghouthian, page 427

Further reading

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), թաղ (1)”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 143ab
  • Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836), թաղ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 793b
  • J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʿ lezvi patmutʿyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 153
  • Leschber, Corinna (2006), “Etymologisch problematische Bezeichnungen für ‘Stöcke, Strünke, Balken, Schnäbel’ u.ä. im Rumänischen im Lichte der slavischen Nachbarsprachen. Mit einem Exkurs zur modernen Protobulgaren-Diskussion”, in Wolfgang Dahmen, Günter Holtus, Johannes Kramer, Michael Metzeltin, Wolfgang Schweickard, Otto Winkelmann, editors, Lexikalischer Sprachkontakt in Südosteuropa. Romanistisches Kolloquium XII (Tübinger Beiträge zur Linguistik; 447) (in German), Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, →ISBN, page 109
  • Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1061
  • Scheftelowitz, J. (1905), “Zur altarmenischen lautgeschichte”, in Beiträge zur kunde der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume 29, page 22

Etymology 2

A Zan borrowing, ultimately from Proto-Kartvelian *tel- (to trample, to tighten), whence Mingrelian თალ-უას (tal-uas, to trample), Georgian თელ-ავს (tel-avs, to trample; to felt) etc.

The more basic meaning "dense, compacted, fulled" is seen in the derivatives թաղ-ուն (tʿał-un), reduplicated թա-թաղ-ուն (tʿa-tʿał-un, thick, compact, dense), թաղ-կ-իմ (tʿał-k-im, to be pressed closely together).

According to Ačaṙyan, the following group of words in neighbouring languages is directly or indirectly borrowed from Armenian: Georgian თალია (talia, animal-skin bag; sack), თალაია (talaia, animal-skin bag), თალისა (talisa, bale (of unsorted wool etc)), Bats თაჲლზი (taylzi, saddlebag), Persian تله (tala, bag), تلیسه (talīsa, saddlecloth, saddlebag), Classical Syriac ܬܠܝܣܐ (talīsā, bag, small sack), Arabic تِلِّيس (tillīs, sack), Azerbaijani təlis (sackcloth; sack), dialectal Turkish telis (a kind of sack), Kazakh талыс (talys, a small bag of hide), Byzantine Greek θαλλίς (thallís, pouch, bag; a measure of grain; a basket of twigs), θαλλίον (thallíon), θάλιον (thálion, foliage or twigs), θαλλίν (thallín, basket of twigs) – confounded apparently with θαλλός (thallós, shoot, branch; palm leaf) –, Coptic ⲑⲁⲗⲗⲓⲥ (thallis), ⲑⲁⲗⲓⲥ (thalis), ⲑⲁⲗⲓⲉ (thalie), ⲑⲁⲗⲓⲉ (thalie), ⲑⲁⲗⲙ (thalm), ⲧⲁⲗⲓⲥ (talis), ⲧⲁⲗⲗⲓⲥ (tallis, sack as either a blanket or corn measure or shirt). For the sense development compare քուրձ (kʿurj). The variation in forms can be explained by թաղ (tʿał), its derivative թաղի (tʿałi), plural nominative թաղի-ք (tʿałi-kʿ), plural accusative թաղի-ս (tʿałi-s); the latter two are used as frozen nominative singulars denoting "felt" and goods made of felt in Middle Armenian and in the dialects.

Noun

թաղ (tʿał)

  1. felt
    • 10/13th century, Tʿovmay Arcruni and Ananun, Patmutʿiwn tann Arcruneacʿ [History of the House of Artsrunik] :[1][2]
      [] և ի տունջեան ամպ թանձրախոծ իբրև զթաղ լմեալ բալաձև սպիտակափայլ յոյժ․ զայնմանէ ասէին՝ երկիր օտար անծանօթ։
      [] ew i tunǰean amp tʿanjraxoc ibrew ztʿał lmeal balajew spitakapʿayl yoyž; zaynmanē asēin, erkir ōtar ancanōtʿ.
      • Translation by Robert W. Thomson
        [] and in the daytime [it is covered with] a very dense cloud like soft felt, in the form of a very bright white mist.
    • 10/13th century, Tʿovmay Arcruni and Ananun, Patmutʿiwn tann Arcruneacʿ [History of the House of Artsrunik] :[3][4]
      Եւ որք մերձ առ պարսպօքն զճակատն վառէին և զմարտն գրգռէին՝ զգեստն ինքեանց յասուէից կազմեալ, զոր ի զօրութիւն թիկանց ուժոյ բազկաց ճնշեալ և մածուցեալ ընդ միմեանս՝ զնրբութիւն մազոյն թաղ կոչեցին, զոր ի ջուր եդեալ՝ ծծէ իբրև զսպունգ, զայն զինեալ ի վերայ անձանց՝ սաստկացուցանեն զպատերազմն, աներկիւղ մնալով ի հրոյն տոչորմանէ
      Ew orkʿ merj aṙ parspōkʿn zčakatn vaṙēin ew zmartn grgṙēin, zgestn inkʿeancʿ yasuēicʿ kazmeal, zor i zōrutʿiwn tʿikancʿ užoy bazkacʿ čnšeal ew macucʿeal ənd mimeans, znrbutʿiwn mazoyn tʿał kočʿecʿin, zor i ǰur edeal, ccē ibrew zspung, zayn zineal i veray anjancʿ, sastkacʿucʿanen zpaterazmn, anerkiwł mnalov i hroyn točʿormanē
      • Translation by Robert W. Thomson
        Those near the ramparts equipped the battle line and provoked battle. They put on garments made from woollen fleeces, pressed and glued together by powerful arms to strengthen the backs; they called the fine hairs “felt.” Placed in water, it soaks it up like a sponge. Putting this on themselves as armour, they [the Muslims] render combat more intense since they are not frightened by the heat of the fire.
  2. (felt) helmet
Derived terms
  • թաթաղուն (tʿatʿałun)
  • թաղագործ (tʿałagorc)
  • թաղաթափ (tʿałatʿapʿ)
  • թաղակ (tʿałak)
  • թաղահար (tʿałahar)
  • թաղեայ (tʿałeay)
  • թաղի (tʿałi)
  • թաղիանամ (tʿałianam)
  • թաղկիմ (tʿałkim)
  • թաղհալ (tʿałhal)
  • թաղհար (tʿałhar)
  • թաղուն (tʿałun)
Descendants
  • ? Khinalug: ттагьла (tːahla)

References

  1. Tʿovma Arcruni ew Ananun (2006), M. H. Darbinyan-Melikʿyan, editor, Patmutʿiwn Tann Arcruneacʿ [History of the House of Artsrunik], critical text with introduction and commentary, Yerevan: Magaghat, page 36
  2. Thomson, Robert W. (1985) Thomas Artsruni, History of the House of the Artsrunik‘: translation and commentary (Byzantine texts in translation), Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press, page 91
  3. Tʿovma Arcruni ew Ananun (2006), M. H. Darbinyan-Melikʿyan, editor, Patmutʿiwn Tann Arcruneacʿ [History of the House of Artsrunik], critical text with introduction and commentary, Yerevan: Magaghat, page 148
  4. Thomson, Robert W. (1985) Thomas Artsruni, History of the House of the Artsrunik‘: translation and commentary (Byzantine texts in translation), Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press, page 199

Further reading

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), թաղ (2)”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 143b, unknown origin, hesitantly considering the Georgian an Armenian borrowing
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), թաղ (3)”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 143–144
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), թաղ (4)”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 144ab
  • Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836), թաղ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume I, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 793bc
  • Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 267, without the Armenian
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