ես
See also: Appendix:Variations of "es"
Armenian
Etymology 1
From Old Armenian ես (es).
Alternative forms
- յես (yes) – reformed orthography spelling in 1922–1940
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [jɛs]
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [jɛs]
Pronoun
ես • (es)
- (personal) I
- Ես ունեմ մեծ տուն։ ― Es unem mec tun. ― I have a big house.
Declension
declension of ես (Eastern Armenian)
| singular | |
|---|---|
| nominative | ես (es) |
| genitive | իմ (im) |
| dative | ինձ (inj) |
| accusative | ինձ (inj) |
| ablative | ինձնից/ինձանից (injnicʿ/injanicʿ) |
| instrumental | ինձնով/ինձանով (injnov/injanov) |
| locative | ինձնում/ինձանում (injnum/injanum) |
declension of ես (Western Armenian, traditional orthography)
| singular | |
|---|---|
| nominative | ես (es) |
| genitive | իմ (im) |
| dative | ինծի (inci) |
| accusative | զիս (zis) |
| ablative | ինձմէ/ինծմէ (injmē/incmē) |
| instrumental | ինձմով/ինծմով (injmov/incmov) |
See also
Eastern Armenian personal pronouns
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ես (es) | մենք (menkʿ) | |
| 2nd person | familiar | դու (du) | դուք (dukʿ) |
| polite | Դուք (Dukʿ) | ||
| 3rd person | նա (na) | նրանք (nrankʿ) | |
Western Armenian personal pronouns (Traditional orthography)
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ես (es) | մենք (menkʿ) | |
| 2nd person | familiar | դուն (dun) | դուք (dukʿ) |
| polite | Դուք (Dukʿ) | ||
| 3rd person | ան (an) | անոնք (anonkʿ) | |
Etymology 2
From Old Armenian ես (es).
Alternative forms
- յես (yes) – reformed orthography spelling in 1922–1940, following a vowel
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [ɛs], (following a vowel) IPA(key): [jɛs]
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [ɛs], (following a vowel) IPA(key): [jɛs]
Verb
ես • (es)
- second-person singular present of եմ (em)
- Դու հայ ես։ ― Du hay es. ― You are Armenian.
- Դու հայ չես։ ― Du hay čʿes. ― You are not an Armenian.
- Դու գիրքը կարդալու ես։ ― Du girkʿə kardalu es. ― You will read the book.
Old Armenian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronoun
ես • (es)
- (personal) I
- ես ինքն ― es inkʿn ― myself
- ահաւասիկ ես ― ahawasik es ― here I am, here am I
- ես եմ ― es em ― it is I
Declension
pronominal
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ես (es) | մեք (mekʿ) | |
| genitive | իմ (im) | մեր (mer) | |
| dative | ինձ (inj) | մեզ (mez) | |
| accusative | իս (is) | մեզ (mez) | |
| ablative | ինէն, ինձէն1 (inēn, injēn1) | մէնջ, մեզէն1, մեզոյն1 (mēnǰ, mezēn1, mezoyn1) | |
| instrumental | ինեւ (inew) | մեւք, մեօք = մեաւք (mewkʿ, meōkʿ = meawkʿ) | |
| locative | իս (is) | մեզ (mez) | |
| an instrumental ինեաւ (ineaw) is also attested; moreover, an ablative իսանէ (isanē) is attested post-classically 1 these secondary ablative forms may be used in an intensifying role: ես ինձէն աչօք տեսի ― es injēn ačʿōkʿ tesi ― I saw with my own eyes | |||
Descendants
- Armenian: ես (es)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁éssi, second-person singular present indicative of *h₁ésti.
Verb
ես • (es)
- second-person singular present active indicative of եմ (em)
References
- Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “ես”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “ես”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “ես”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 255