-դ

See also: դ, գ, Դ, դ., and Appendix:Variations of "d"

Armenian

Etymology

From Old Armenian -դ (-d).

Pronunciation

(following a vowel:)

(Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [d]
- (Eastern Armenian, colloquial) IPA^(key): [t]
(Western Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [tʰ]

(following a consonant:)

(Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [əd]
- (Eastern Armenian, colloquial) IPA^(key): [ət]
(Western Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [ətʰ]

Suffix

-դ • (-d)

a possessive suffix marking 2nd person possession
գիրքդ ― girkʿd ― your book
գնալդ ― gnald ― your going
ձեռքերովդ ― jeṙkʿerovd ― with your hands
1. co-occurs with postpositions in pseudo-possessive meaning identifying the location in the 2nd person
  մոտդ ― motd ― with you/at you/near you
  վրադ ― vrad ― on you
a personal suffix used to refer to the 2nd person as an agent; found in idioms and certain constructions
դու ինքդ ― du inkʿd ― you yourself
Դուք՝ առաջավորներդ, պիտի օգնեք մեզ՝ ետ մնացողներիս։
Dukʿ, aṙaǰavornerd, piti ōgnekʿ mez, et mnacʿołneris.
You, the advanced ones, have to help us, the backward ones.

References

Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009) Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian (London Oriental and African Language Library; 14), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pages 112–116

Old Armenian

Etymology

From *դո- (*do-).

Suffix

-դ • (-d)

this, that (near the second person)
կորուսեր զհոգիդ եւ զինչսդ ― koruser zhogid ew zinčʿsd ― you have lost your soul and your property
արձակեա՛ զժողովուրդդ ― arjakeá zžołovurdd ― let this or the people go!
որ խոսիդ ընդ քեզ ― or xosid ənd kʿez ― he who talks to you
(personal pronoun) thou, thee, you
սուրբդ սրբոց ― surbd srbocʿ ― you who are the holy of holy ones

Usage notes

-ս (-s), -դ (-d) and -ն (-n) form a three-way deictic contrast. -s shows an object close to the speaker, -d close to the second person, -n close to the third person.

Descendants

Armenian: -դ (-d)

References

Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “դ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
Gočanean, Pōłos (2011) Dasakan grabari gorcnakan kʿerakanutʿiwn [Practical Grammar of Classical Old Armenian] (in Armenian), Vienna, Yerevan: Mekhitarist Press, pages 24–25
Godel, Robert (1975) An introduction to the study of classical Armenian, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 107
Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “դ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy

单词	-դ
释义	-դ See also: դ, գ, Դ, դ., and Appendix:Variations of "d" Armenian Etymology From Old Armenian -դ (-d). Pronunciation (following a vowel:) (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [d] (Eastern Armenian, colloquial) IPA^(key): [t] (Western Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [tʰ] (following a consonant:) (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [əd] (Eastern Armenian, colloquial) IPA^(key): [ət] (Western Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [ətʰ] Suffix -դ • (-d) a possessive suffix marking 2nd person possession գիրքդ ― girkʿd ― your book գնալդ ― gnald ― your going ձեռքերովդ ― jeṙkʿerovd ― with your hands co-occurs with postpositions in pseudo-possessive meaning identifying the location in the 2nd person մոտդ ― motd ― with you/at you/near you վրադ ― vrad ― on you a personal suffix used to refer to the 2nd person as an agent; found in idioms and certain constructions դու ինքդ ― du inkʿd ― you yourself Դուք՝ առաջավորներդ, պիտի օգնեք մեզ՝ ետ մնացողներիս։ Dukʿ, aṙaǰavornerd, piti ōgnekʿ mez, et mnacʿołneris. You, the advanced ones, have to help us, the backward ones. See also -ս (-s) References Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009) Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian (London Oriental and African Language Library; 14), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pages 112–116 Old Armenian Etymology From դո- (do-). Suffix -դ • (-d) this, that (near the second person) կորուսեր զհոգիդ եւ զինչսդ ― koruser zhogid ew zinčʿsd ― you have lost your soul and your property արձակեա՛ զժողովուրդդ ― arjakeá zžołovurdd ― let this or the people go! որ խոսիդ ընդ քեզ ― or xosid ənd kʿez ― he who talks to you (personal pronoun) thou, thee, you սուրբդ սրբոց ― surbd srbocʿ ― you who are the holy of holy ones Usage notes -ս (-s), -դ (-d) and -ն (-n) form a three-way deictic contrast. -s shows an object close to the speaker, -d close to the second person, -n close to the third person. Descendants Armenian: -դ (-d) References Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “դ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press Gočanean, Pōłos (2011) Dasakan grabari gorcnakan kʿerakanutʿiwn [Practical Grammar of Classical Old Armenian] (in Armenian), Vienna, Yerevan: Mekhitarist Press, pages 24–25 Godel, Robert (1975) An introduction to the study of classical Armenian, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 107 Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “դ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
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