գի
Armenian
Etymology
From Old Armenian գի (gi).
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [ɡi]
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [kʰi]
Noun
գի • (gi)
- Synonym of գիհի (gihi)
- (dialectal) cypress
Declension
i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | գի (gi) | գիեր (gier) | ||
| dative | գիի (gii) | գիերի (gieri) | ||
| ablative | գիից (giicʿ) | գիերից (giericʿ) | ||
| instrumental | գիով (giov) | գիերով (gierov) | ||
| locative | գիում (gium) | գիերում (gierum) | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | գին (gin) | գիերը/գիերն (gierə/giern) | ||
| dative | գիին (giin) | գիերին (gierin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | գիս (gis) | գիերս (giers) | ||
| dative | գիիս (giis) | գիերիս (gieris) | ||
| ablative | գիիցս (giicʿs) | գիերիցս (giericʿs) | ||
| instrumental | գիովս (giovs) | գիերովս (gierovs) | ||
| locative | գիումս (giums) | գիերումս (gierums) | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | գիդ (gid) | գիերդ (gierd) | ||
| dative | գիիդ (giid) | գիերիդ (gierid) | ||
| ablative | գիիցդ (giicʿd) | գիերիցդ (giericʿd) | ||
| instrumental | գիովդ (giovd) | գիերովդ (gierovd) | ||
| locative | գիումդ (giumd) | գիերումդ (gierumd) | ||
Old Armenian
Etymology
Since Lidén derived from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to twist, wind, weave, plait”) (the reconstruction of the root is disputed), because of juniper's flexible branches used in plaiting or weaving, extended with *-t- or *-s-.
The Proto-Indo-European form from which գի (gi) is descended has been variously reconstructed as *wītā (“willow”) (Ačaṙean), *wey(H)-t- (Martirosyan), *wī̆so- or *weyso- or *woyso- from *wey-s- (“to twist, wind around”) (Lidén, Pokorny, Mallory/Adams).
Note also Proto-Kartvelian *ɣwiw-.
Noun
գի • (gi)
- juniper (tree)
- 5th century, Bible, Isaiah 41.19:
- Եւ բղխեցուցից յանջուր երկրին զմայրն եւ զտօսախն, զմուրտն եւ զնոճն եւ զսօսն, զսարդն եւ զսարոյն եւ զկաղամախն, զգին եւ զփայտն իւղոյ։
- Ew błxecʿucʿicʿ yanǰur erkrin zmayrn ew ztōsaxn, zmurtn ew znočn ew zsōsn, zsardn ew zsaroyn ew zkałamaxn, zgin ew zpʿaytn iwłoy.
- I will produce in the dry land the cedar and box, the myrtle and cypress and plane, the cedar and cypress and white poplar, the juniper and the olive wood.
- Եւ բղխեցուցից յանջուր երկրին զմայրն եւ զտօսախն, զմուրտն եւ զնոճն եւ զսօսն, զսարդն եւ զսարոյն եւ զկաղամախն, զգին եւ զփայտն իւղոյ։
- 5th century, Agatʿangełos, Patmutʿiwn Hayocʿ [History of the Armenians] § 644:
- որպէս մայրն և նոճն և շոճն ե թեղօշն և սարդն և սարոյն և սոսն և յակրին և գին և կաղամախն և ուռին և տօսախն։
- orpēs mayrn ew nočn ew šočn e tʿełōšn ew sardn ew saroyn ew sosn ew yakrin ew gin ew kałamaxn ew uṙin ew tōsaxn.
- որպէս մայրն և նոճն և շոճն ե թեղօշն և սարդն և սարոյն և սոսն և յակրին և գին և կաղամախն և ուռին և տօսախն։
- 9th or 10th century, with changes and additions in later centuries, Tʿargmanutʿiwn dełocʿ zor əntrel en imastasērkʿn ew kargeal yayl lezuacʿ [A Medieval Arabic–Armenian Botanical Dictionary] :[1][2][3]
- Ալոգհոլ (vars. ալոքհոլ, ալոյհոլ)՝ գիոյ պտուղ։
- Aloghol (vars. alokʿhol, aloyhol), gioy ptuł.
- الْأَبْهَل (al-ʾabhal) = fruit of the juniper
- Ալոգհոլ (vars. ալոքհոլ, ալոյհոլ)՝ գիոյ պտուղ։
- juniper (wood)
Declension
o-type
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | գի (gi) | գիք (gikʿ) | |
| genitive | գիոյ (gioy) | գիոց (giocʿ) | |
| dative | գիոյ (gioy) | գիոց (giocʿ) | |
| accusative | գի (gi) | գիս (gis) | |
| ablative | գիոյ (gioy) | գիոց (giocʿ) | |
| instrumental | գիով (giov) | գիովք (giovkʿ) | |
| locative | գի (gi) | գիս (gis) |
Derived terms
- գիհի (gihi)
Descendants
- Armenian: գի (gi), գՙէ (gʿē) – Zeitun, գՙի (gʿi, “cypress”) – Pingan
- → Georgian: გია (gia)
- ⇒ Old Armenian: *գիհենի (*giheni) (with the botanical suffix -ենի (-eni))
- Armenian: կէ՛նի (kḗni) – Lori, կէ՛նէ (kḗnē) – Karabakh, իգէ՛նէ (igḗnē) – Karadagh
References
- Ališan, Łewond (1895), “գետոյ պտուղ”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʿiwn [Armenian Botany] (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 467, page 169, incorrectly reading the Armenian as գետոյ պտուղ (getoy ptuł) and the Arabic as ալոյգ? հոլ (aloyg? hol)
- Greppin, John A. C. (1997) A Medieval Arabic–Armenian Botanical Dictionary (Studien zur armenischen Geschichte; 16), separate reprint of the Handes Amsorya 109 (1995), 380–457 edition, Vienna: Mechitarist Press, § 5, pages 18–19, incorrectly identifying the Arabic with "alcohol"
- Norayr N. Biwzandacʿi (1925) Kʿnnadatutʿiwn Haybusaki [A Critique of Haybusak] (Azgayin matenadaran; 109) (in Armenian), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, pages 45–47
Further reading
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971), “գի”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume I, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 554ab
- Ačaṙyan, Hračʿya (1944), “Haykakankʿ A [Armeniaca I]”, in HSSṘ GA Tełekagir hasarakakan gitutʿyunneri [Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR: Social Sciences] (in Armenian), issue 5, pages 27–28
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1979), “Haykakankʿ (Armeniaca)”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume IV, 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 627
- Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “գի”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Łazarean, Ṙ. S. (2000), “գի”, in Tʿosunean G. B., editor, Grabari baṙaran [Dictionary of Old Armenian] (in Armenian), Yerevan: University Press
- Lidén, Evald (1905–1906), “Baumnamen und Verwandtes”, in Indogermanische Forschungen (in German), volume 18, pages 494–498
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “²ueis-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1133
- Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q., editors (1997) Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 644a
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 212
- Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “գի”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 119