բռինչ
Armenian
Alternative forms
- բռինչ (bṙinčʿ), բռաշնը (bṙašnə), փռեշնը (pʿṙešnə), պռեշնը (pṙešnə), փռոշ (pʿṙoš), բղինճ (błinč), բղինջք (błinǰkʿ) – dialectal
Etymology
From Middle Armenian բռինչ (bṙinčʿ).
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [bəˈrint͡ʃʰ]
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [pʰəˈɾint͡ʃʰ]
Audio (Eastern Armenian) (file)
Noun
բռինչ • (bṙinčʿ)
- hackberry, the fruit of the nettle tree (Celtis spp.)
- Synonyms: լտուտ (ltut), ցռպտուկ (cʿṙptuk)
- (literary) the fruit of the guelder rose (Viburnum opulus)
Declension
i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | բռինչ (bṙinčʿ) | բռինչներ (bṙinčʿner) | ||
| dative | բռինչի (bṙinčʿi) | բռինչների (bṙinčʿneri) | ||
| ablative | բռինչից (bṙinčʿicʿ) | բռինչներից (bṙinčʿnericʿ) | ||
| instrumental | բռինչով (bṙinčʿov) | բռինչներով (bṙinčʿnerov) | ||
| locative | բռինչում (bṙinčʿum) | բռինչներում (bṙinčʿnerum) | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | բռինչը/բռինչն (bṙinčʿə/bṙinčʿn) | բռինչները/բռինչներն (bṙinčʿnerə/bṙinčʿnern) | ||
| dative | բռինչին (bṙinčʿin) | բռինչներին (bṙinčʿnerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | բռինչս (bṙinčʿs) | բռինչներս (bṙinčʿners) | ||
| dative | բռինչիս (bṙinčʿis) | բռինչներիս (bṙinčʿneris) | ||
| ablative | բռինչիցս (bṙinčʿicʿs) | բռինչներիցս (bṙinčʿnericʿs) | ||
| instrumental | բռինչովս (bṙinčʿovs) | բռինչներովս (bṙinčʿnerovs) | ||
| locative | բռինչումս (bṙinčʿums) | բռինչներումս (bṙinčʿnerums) | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | բռինչդ (bṙinčʿd) | բռինչներդ (bṙinčʿnerd) | ||
| dative | բռինչիդ (bṙinčʿid) | բռինչներիդ (bṙinčʿnerid) | ||
| ablative | բռինչիցդ (bṙinčʿicʿd) | բռինչներիցդ (bṙinčʿnericʿd) | ||
| instrumental | բռինչովդ (bṙinčʿovd) | բռինչներովդ (bṙinčʿnerovd) | ||
| locative | բռինչումդ (bṙinčʿumd) | բռինչներումդ (bṙinčʿnerumd) | ||
Further reading
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1913), “բռինչ”, in Hayerēn gawaṙakan baṙaran [Armenian Provincial Dictionary] (Ēminean azgagrakan žołovacu; 9) (in Armenian), Tiflis: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, pages 207–208
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971), “բռինչ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume I, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 490–491
- Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1837), “բռինչ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 1061b
- Sargsyan, Artem et al., editors (2001), “բռինչ”, in Hayocʿ lezvi barbaṙayin baṙaran [Dialectal Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), volume I, Yerevan: Hayastan, page 213b
Middle Armenian
FWOTD – 28 June 2020
Celtis caucasica fruit
Etymology
Of unknown immediate and ultimate origin, but related to Old Georgian ბრინჯი (brinǯi, “Celtis”) and Kashmiri برِٛمِج (brimij, “Celtis caucasica”).
Noun
բռինչ • (bṙinčʿ)
- hackberry, the fruit of the nettle tree (Celtis spp.)
- 6th–12th? centuries, Baṙkʿ Gałianosi [The Greek–Armenian Dictionary to Galen] :[1][2]
- նաբակ, կալալ, կալկալ, քօնար = բռինչն (vars. բռինչի, բղինչն, բռիչն)։
- nabak, kalal, kalkal, kʿōnar = bṙinčʿn (vars. bṙinčʿi, błinčʿn, bṙičʿn).
- نَبَق (nabaq), قَيْقَب (qayqab) (?), کنار (konâr) = bṙinčʿ
- նաբակ, կալալ, կալկալ, քօնար = բռինչն (vars. բռինչի, բղինչն, բռիչն)։
- 9th or 10th century, with changes and additions in later centuries, Tʿargmanutʿiwn dełocʿ zor əntrel en imastasērkʿn ew kargeal yayl lezuacʿ [A Medieval Arabic–Armenian Botanical Dictionary] :[3]
- նփըղ (vars. նփկըն, նըփկն) = բռինչ
- npʿəł (vars. npʿkən, nəpʿkn) = bṙinčʿ
- نَبْق (nabq) = bṙinčʿ
- նփըղ (vars. նփկըն, նըփկն) = բռինչ
Usage notes
The identification of the tree has been controversial. However, the etymology and the dialectal descriptions clearly point to Celtis, two species of which are found on the territory of modern Armenia (Celtis caucasica and Celtis planchoniana)[4]. Medieval glossaries often translate jujube, which is a fruit similar to hackberry. Therefore, the identification with Viburnum opulus in modern botanical literature is spurious.
Derived terms
- բռնչի (bṙnčʿi)
Descendants
- Armenian: բռինչ (bṙinčʿ)
References
- Greppin, John A. C. (1985) Baṙkʿ Gaɫianosi: The Greek–Armenian Dictionary to Galen, Delmar, New York: Caravan Books, page 139, unable to identify the foreign words, also listing the corrupted մուրղանիզատորայ (murłanizatoray) and մուրատսրա (muratsra), which probably reflect Arabic مُسْكِطْرَامَشِير (muskiṭrāmašīr), مُشْكِطْرَامَشِير (muškiṭrāmašīr) (← Persian مشکطرامشیر (mošk-terāmšīʾ, “Origanum dictamnus”)) and do not belong here
- Ališan, Łewond (1895), “բռինչ”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʿiwn [Armenian Botany] (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 387, page 101, unable to identify the foreign words except نَبَق (nabaq)
- Greppin, John A. C. (1997) A Medieval Arabic–Armenian Botanical Dictionary (Studien zur armenischen Geschichte; 16), separate reprint of the Handes Amsorya 109 (1995), 380–457 edition, Vienna: Mechitarist Press, § 122, pages 91–92
- Taxtadžjan A. L., editor (1962) Flora Armenii [The Flora of Armenia] (in Russian), volume IV, Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 351–352
Further reading
- Abeghian, Manuk (1899) Der armenische Volksglaube (in German), Leipzig: Druck von W. Drugulin, page 61
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971), “բռինչ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume I, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 490–491, noting the formal similarity with the family of Aramaic ברותא (bərōṯā, “cypress”) and leaving the origin open
- Ališan, Łewond (1895), “բռինչ”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʿiwn [Armenian Botany] (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 387, page 101
- Bedevian, Armenag K. (1936), “Celtis tournefortii”, in Illustrated Polyglottic Dictionary of Plant Names, Cairo: Argus & Papazian Presses, § 935, page 158, identifying with Celtis tournefortii
- Bedevian, Armenag K. (1936), “Pyrus aria”, in Illustrated Polyglottic Dictionary of Plant Names, Cairo: Argus & Papazian Presses, § 2890, page 495, identifying with whitebeam, Sorbus aria
- Bläsing, Uwe (2019), “Die armenischen Pflanzennamen in Peter Simon Pallas’ Flora Rossica. Eine Studie zu Etymologie und sprachlicher Interaktion”, in U. Bläsing, J. Dum-Tragut, T.M. van Lint, editors, Armenian, Hittite, and Indo-European Studies: A Commemoration Volume for Jos J.S. Weitenberg (Hebrew University Armenian Studies; 15) (in German), Leuven: Peeters, page 28
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010), “բռինչ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 141a, tentatively deriving from Proto-Indo-European *bʰren- (“to project”), whence Latin frōns
- Łazaryan, Ṙ. S. (1981), “փռշնի”, in Busanunneri hayeren-latineren-ṙuseren-angleren-franseren-germaneren baṙaran [Armenian–Latin–Russian–English–French–German Dictionary of Plant Names], Yerevan: University Press, § 1246, page 98b, identifying with Celtis
- Łazaryan, Ṙ. S. (1981), “բռնչի”, in Busanunneri hayeren-latineren-ṙuseren-angleren-franseren-germaneren baṙaran [Armenian–Latin–Russian–English–French–German Dictionary of Plant Names], Yerevan: University Press, § 170, page 18b, identifying with Viburnum opulus
- Łazaryan, Ṙ. S.; Avetisyan, H. M. (2009), “բռնչի”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 127a
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 699–701, following Ačaṙean connecting with the family of Aramaic ברותא (bərōṯā, “cypress”) and considering a substrate word
- Norayr N. Biwzandacʿi (1925) Kʿnnadatutʿiwn Haybusaki [A Critique of Haybusak] (Azgayin matenadaran; 109) (in Armenian), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, pages 114–116
- Malxaseancʿ, Stepʿan (1944), “լտտենի”, in Hayerēn bacʿatrakan baṙaran [Armenian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume II, Yerevan: State Publishing House, page 221c
- Thomson, Robert W. (1996) Rewriting Caucasian History: The Medieval Armenian Adaptation of the Georgian Chronicles. The Original Georgian Texts and the Armenian Adaptation, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 101