请输入您要查询的单词:

 

单词 ատրճանակ
释义

ատրճանակ

Armenian

Etymology

Although attested only in modern texts, ատրճանակ (atrčanak) has a shape of classical Middle Iranian borrowings. Ačaṙean reconstructs the classical form as *ատրջանակ (*atrǰanak), supposedly borrowed from Middle Iranian *āturǰanak, composed of the words for ‘fire’ (see ատր- (atr-)) and ‘to hit, strike’ (see Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰʰánti). For the suffix see -ակ (-ak). He speculates that the initial meaning was ‘device for making fire, fire-steel, flint’: compare Persian آتش‌زنه (âtašzana, fire-steel, tinder-box) from آتش زدن (âtaš zadan, to set fire to). From this meaning some modern author coined the sense ‘pistol’. For such a semantic development compare Turkish çakmaklı (flintlock gun) from çakmak (fire-steel).[1][2] Compare also հրաճան (hračan), included in a couple of dictionaries as a translation of ‘musket’,[3][4] which can be a learned Armenization of ատրճան (atrčan), by replacing Iranian *ātr- with native հուր (hur, fire).

Pronunciation

  • (file)
  • (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [ɑtəɾt͡ʃɑˈnɑk]
  • (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [ɑdəɾd͡ʒɑˈnɑɡ]

Noun

ատրճանակ (atrčanak)

  1. pistol, handgun; revolver
    • 1805, Łukas Inčičean, Ašxarhagrutʿiwn čʿoricʿ masancʿ ašxarhi, Asioy, Ewropoy, Apʿrikoy ew Amerikoy [Geography of Four Continents: Asia, Europe, Africa and America] part 2, volume 4, page 320, (in Google Books):
      Զէնք հետևակ զօրաց են սաղաւարտ, վահան, երկու թուր, մի սուին և ատրճան, այն է՝ թիւֆէնկ։ Իսկ հեծել՟ք յոտից մինչև ՚ի գլուխ զրահաւոր են, և ունին ատրճանակ․ այն է՝ փիշտով, նետ, նիզակ և թուր։
      Zēnkʿ hetewak zōracʿ en saławart, vahan, erku tʿur, mi suin ew atrčan, ayn ē, tʿiwfēnk. Isk hecel.kʿ yoticʿ minčʿew ’i glux zrahawor en, ew unin atrčanak; ayn ē, pʿištov, net, nizak ew tʿur.
      The munitions of the infantry are the helmet, shield, two swords, one սուին (suin) and atrčan, i.e. a musket. Whereas the cavalrymen are armoured from top to toe and have an atrčanak, i.e. a pistol [Ottoman Turkish پشتو (piştov)], an arrow, spear and a sword.

Usage notes

  • Ačaṙean treats ատրճան (atrčan) / ատրաճան (atračan) as a mere alternative form of ատրճանակ (atrčanak), but a careful study of the texts shows that ատրճան (atrčan) refers to a sort of long gun. Note for example the quoted passage from Inčičean, where the pair is used contrastively. It is possible that ատրճանակ (atrčanak, handgun) is formed from ատրճան (atrčan) with the diminutive suffix -ակ (-ak). Alternatively, ատրճան (atrčan) may be a back-formation from the original ատրճանակ (atrčanak), where the Iranian ending was reinterpreted as the diminutive suffix.
  • The earliest attestation recorded by Ačaṙean is from 1796, but ատրաճան (atračan) has been attested in a 1772 book: see in ատրճան (atrčan).

Declension

  • ատրճան (atrčan), ատրաճան (atračan)

References

  1. Tērvišean, Serovbē (1882), “Stugabanakan; nawakatikʿ; dastiarak; atrčanak”, in Lezu, page 124
  2. Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971), ատրճանակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume I, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 290ab
  3. Galfayean (Lusinean), Ambrosios (1903), mousquet”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ patkerazard fransahay [Nouveau dictionnaire illustré français–arménien], volume II, Paris: Typographie Morris père et fils, page 230a
  4. Yakobean, V. Y. (1907), musket”, in Nor baṙaran anglierēnē hayerēn [A Dictionary, English–Armenian], 2nd edition, Constantinople: H. Matteosian, page 479

Further reading

  • J̌axǰaxean, Manuēl (1804), pistola”, in Baṙaran yitalakan lezuē i hay ew i tačik barbaṙ [Dizionario Italiano-Armeno-Turco], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 587b
  • Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), ատրճանակ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 69a
  • J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010), ատրճանակ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 83a
随便看

 

国际大辞典收录了7408809条英语、德语、日语等多语种在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词及词组的翻译及用法,是外语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2023 idict.net All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间:2024/7/11 23:20:28