աթոռ
Armenian
Etymology
From Old Armenian աթոռ (atʿoṙ).
Pronunciation
Audio (Eastern Armenian) (file) - (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [ɑˈtʰɔr]
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [ɑˈtʰɔɾ]
Noun
աթոռ • (atʿoṙ)
- chair
- (rare) throne
Declension
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | աթոռ (atʿoṙ) | աթոռներ (atʿoṙner) | ||
| dative | աթոռի (atʿoṙi) | աթոռների (atʿoṙneri) | ||
| ablative | աթոռից (atʿoṙicʿ) | աթոռներից (atʿoṙnericʿ) | ||
| instrumental | աթոռով (atʿoṙov) | աթոռներով (atʿoṙnerov) | ||
| locative | աթոռում (atʿoṙum) | աթոռներում (atʿoṙnerum) | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | աթոռը/աթոռն (atʿoṙə/atʿoṙn) | աթոռները/աթոռներն (atʿoṙnerə/atʿoṙnern) | ||
| dative | աթոռին (atʿoṙin) | աթոռներին (atʿoṙnerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | աթոռս (atʿoṙs) | աթոռներս (atʿoṙners) | ||
| dative | աթոռիս (atʿoṙis) | աթոռներիս (atʿoṙneris) | ||
| ablative | աթոռիցս (atʿoṙicʿs) | աթոռներիցս (atʿoṙnericʿs) | ||
| instrumental | աթոռովս (atʿoṙovs) | աթոռներովս (atʿoṙnerovs) | ||
| locative | աթոռումս (atʿoṙums) | աթոռներումս (atʿoṙnerums) | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | աթոռդ (atʿoṙd) | աթոռներդ (atʿoṙnerd) | ||
| dative | աթոռիդ (atʿoṙid) | աթոռներիդ (atʿoṙnerid) | ||
| ablative | աթոռիցդ (atʿoṙicʿd) | աթոռներիցդ (atʿoṙnericʿd) | ||
| instrumental | աթոռովդ (atʿoṙovd) | աթոռներովդ (atʿoṙnerovd) | ||
| locative | աթոռումդ (atʿoṙumd) | աթոռներումդ (atʿoṙnerumd) | ||
Derived terms
- բազկաթոռ (bazkatʿoṙ)
- ճոճաթոռ (čočatʿoṙ)
Old Armenian
Etymology
The origin is uncertain.[1] An overview of opinions follows.
Windischmann compared with Ancient Greek θρόνος (thrónos, “seat, throne”).[2] The comparison was revived by Marr, who derived both from a “Japhetic” root in the framework of his discredited Japhetic theory.[3]
Müller derived from Aramaic אתר (ʾtr), אתרא (ʾtrʾ, “place”), Classical Syriac ܐܬܪ (ʾăṯar), ܐܬܪܐ (ʾaṯrā, “place”), for the sense development comparing Persian گاه (gâh, “throne; place”).[4][5] This is rejected by de Lagarde and Hübschmann.[6][7]
Hiwnkʿearpēyēntean derived from Turkish oturmak (“to take a sit”), oturak (“seat, stool”).[8] Ačaṙyan rejected the comparison because the older forms of the Turkic word contain an -l-: compare Chagatai اولتورمق (olturmaq, “to sit”).[1]
Karst connected with Sumerian 𒉣𒇬 (/tur/, “animal stall; triclinium; a place used to hold something or someone”).[9]
J̌ahukyan and Olsen mark the origin as unknown, with J̌ahukyan remarking that աթոռ (atʿoṙ) is a late acquisition absent from Proto-Armenian.[10][11][12]
Perhaps from the name of Assur, the capital of the Assyrian Empire: compare Classical Syriac ܐܬܘܪ (ʾtwr /ʾĀṯūr/, “the city of Assur”),[13] sometimes transcribed as Āṯōr,[14][15] Old Persian 𐎠𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠 (a-θ-u-r-a /Aθurā/, “Assyria”), ultimately from Akkadian 𒀸𒋩 (Aššur). The sense development could have been "capital, throne city, the Seat" → "throne, seat". For such a lexicalisation of city names in Mesopotamia, the most advanced civilisation neighbouring Proto-Armenians, compare բաւիղ (bawił), քաղաք (kʿałakʿ). In this case, a doublet of ասորի (asori).
Noun
աթոռ • (atʿoṙ)
- chair, seat; bench; throne
- նստուցանել յաթոռ ― nstucʿanel yatʿoṙ ― to make one sit on a throne or chair; to throne
- նստել յաթոռ ― nstel yatʿoṙ ― to sit on a chair or throne
- աթոռս արկանել ― atʿoṙs arkanel ― to give seats or chairs
- ելանել յաթոռոյ ― elanel yatʿoṙoy ― to rise up, to get up
- a seat used in evacuating the bowels or in urinating, stool
- (biblical) throne (the third highest order of angel in Christian angelology, ranked above minions and below cherubim)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | աթոռ (atʿoṙ) | աթոռք (atʿoṙkʿ) | |
| genitive | աթոռոյ (atʿoṙoy) | աթոռոց (atʿoṙocʿ) | |
| dative | աթոռոյ (atʿoṙoy) | աթոռոց (atʿoṙocʿ) | |
| accusative | աթոռ (atʿoṙ) | աթոռս (atʿoṙs) | |
| ablative | աթոռոյ (atʿoṙoy) | աթոռոց (atʿoṙocʿ) | |
| instrumental | աթոռով (atʿoṙov) | աթոռովք (atʿoṙovkʿ) | |
| locative | աթոռ (atʿoṙ) | աթոռս (atʿoṙs) |
Derived terms
- աթոռագործ (atʿoṙagorc)
- աթոռագործեմ (atʿoṙagorcem)
- աթոռաժառանգ (atʿoṙažaṙang)
- աթոռակ (atʿoṙak)
- աթոռակալ (atʿoṙakal)
- աթոռակալութիւն (atʿoṙakalutʿiwn)
- աթոռակից (atʿoṙakicʿ)
- աթոռակցութիւն (atʿoṙakcʿutʿiwn)
- աթոռային (atʿoṙayin)
- աթոռանամ (atʿoṙanam)
- աթոռանի (atʿoṙani)
- աթոռասէր (atʿoṙasēr)
- աթոռընկալ (atʿoṙənkal)
- անաթոռք (anatʿoṙkʿ)
- զարմանաթոռ (zarmanatʿoṙ)
- զուգաթոռ (zugatʿoṙ)
- թիկնաթոռ (tʿiknatʿoṙ)
- խաչաթոռ (xačʿatʿoṙ)
- հակառակաթոռ (hakaṙakatʿoṙ)
- համաթոռ (hamatʿoṙ)
- նախաթոռ (naxatʿoṙ)
- նախաթոռութիւն (naxatʿoṙutʿiwn)
- սալաթոռ (salatʿoṙ)
- քրովբէաթոռ (kʿrovbēatʿoṙ)
Descendants
- Armenian: աթոռ (atʿoṙ)
References
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971), “աթոռ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume I, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 89ab
- Windischmann, Friedrich (1846) Über die Grundlage des Armenischen im arischen Sprachstamme (in German), München: Königlich-Bayerische Akad. der Wiss., page 12
- Marr, N. Ja. (1935) Избранные работы [Selected Works] (in Russian), volume V, Leningrad, Moscow: Государственное социально-экономическое издательство, pages 76, 363
- Müller, Friedrich (1863), “Beiträge zur Lautlehre der armenischen Sprache”, in Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Classe (in German), volume 41, page 11
- Müller, Friedrich (1894), “Pahlawi, neupersische und armenische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes (in German), volume 8, page 280
- Lagarde, Paul de (1877) Armenische Studien (in German), Göttingen: Dieterich, § 23, page 7
- Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 300
- Hiwnkʿearpēyēntean, Yovhannēs (1894), “աթոռ”, in Stugabanakan baṙaran hayocʿ lezui [Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), Constantinople: Tparan G. Paɫtatlean, pages 153–154
- Karst, Josef (1911), “Zur ethnischen Stellung der Armenier”, in N. Akinean, editor, Huschardzan. Festschrift aus Anlass des 100-jahrigen Bestandes der Mechitaristen-Kongregation in Wien (1811–1911), und des 25. Jahrganges der philosophischen Monatsschrift Handes amsorya (1887–1911) (in German), Vienna: Verl. der Mechitaristen-Kongregation, page 408
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʿ lezvi patmutʿyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 264
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010), “աթոռ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 24b
- Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 950
- Marciak, Michał (2017) Sophene, Gordyene, and Adiabene: Three Regna Minora of Northern Mesopotamia Between East and West, Leiden, Boston: Brill
- Jensen, P. (1898) Hittiter und Armenier (in German), Strassburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 214
- Widengren G. (December 15, 1987), “ĀSŌRISTĀN”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York
Further reading
- Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “աթոռ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “աթոռ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 4b