ґ
See also: Г, г, г., Ґ, Ғ, ғ, and Appendix:Variations of "g"
Translingual
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Letter
ґ (upper case Ґ)
- A letter of the Cyrillic script.
Gallery
Regular.
Italics.
Belarusian
Letter
ґ • (g) (uppercase Ґ) (italics: Ґ, ґ)
- An alternative rare letter of the Belarusian Cyrillic alphabet. Its name is ґе (ge /ɡɛ/) and it has the sound of /g/ - voiced velar plosive. If included, it is preceded by Г and followed by Д. In modern Belarusian this letter is rarely included.
Usage notes
- The sound /ɡ/ is very uncommon in Belarusian, even in loanwords. It is common to pronounce /ɣ/ (or /x/ in devoiced positions) regardless of etymology.
Old Ruthenian
ґ
Letter
ґ • (g) (lower case, upper case Ґ)
- The fifth letter of the Old Ruthenian alphabet, written in the Old Cyrillic script.
- Пра́вила орѳографіи… // …Четвєртоє… ни Г, вⸯмѣсто Ґ, ни вⸯпротивⸯ: яко, одиґітрїа, а не одигітрїѧ. гора а не ґора и проч. ― Právila orfohrafij… // …Četvjertoje… ni H, vměsto G, ni vprotiv: jako, odigitria, a ne odihitrija. hora a ne gora i proč. ― Orthographic rules… // …Fourth… not “Г” instead of “Ґ”, not vice versa: like “одиґітрїа”, not “одигітрїа”; “гора”, not “ґора” etc.
Usage notes
- The letter ґ (g) conveys the sound /ɡ/, which was also transmitted by the Cyrillic digraph кг (g) or less often by the letters g and γ. First used in the Peresopnytsia Gospels (1556-1561), properly introduced into the Slavic alphabet in 1619 by Meletius Smotrytsky in his “Slavonic Grammar”.
See also
- (Old Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г (Ґ ґ), Д д, Е е, Ж ж, Ѕ ѕ, З з, Ї ї, И и (Й й), К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ꙋ ꙋ, Ф ф, Х х, Ѡ ѡ, Ѿ ѿ, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Ѣ ѣ, Є є, Ю ю, Ꙗ ꙗ, Ѧ ѧ, Ѫ ѫ, Ѯ ѯ, Ѱ ѱ, Ѳ ѳ, Ѵ ѵ
Further reading
- Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (2000), “ґ”, in Словник української мови XVI – I пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), issue 7 (головнѣйший – десѧтина), Lviv: Krypiakevych I.U.S., →ISBN, page 125
Rusyn
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡ/
Letter
ґ • (g) (uppercase Ґ) (italics: Ґ, ґ)
- The fifth letter of the Rusyn alphabet, called ґе (ge), and written in the Cyrillic script.
See also
- (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Ґ ґ, Д д, Е е, Є є, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, І і, Ы ы, Ї ї, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ю ю, Я я, Ь ь, Ъ ъ
Ukrainian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡ/
Letter
ґ • (g) (lower case, upper case Ґ)
- The fifth letter of the Ukrainian alphabet, called ґе (ge), and written in the Cyrillic script.
Usage notes
- This letter was absent from official Soviet orthographies during 1933–1990, with г (h) being substituted. It remained in use outside the Soviet Union.
See also
- (Cyrillic-script letters) А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Ґ ґ, Д д, Е е, Є є, Ж ж, З з, И и, І і, Ї ї, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ь ь, Ю ю, Я я
Further reading
- Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (2000), “ґ”, in Словник української мови XVI – I пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), issue 7 (головнѣйший – десѧтина), Lviv: Krypiakevych I.U.S., →ISBN, page 125
- Rusanivskyi, V. M., editor (2012), “ґ”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (відстава́ння – ґура́льня), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
Etymology 2
Inherited from Old Ruthenian кг (g), voiced counterpart of Proto-Slavic *kъ(n).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɡ]
Preposition
ґ • (g) (+ dative case) (dated)
- Alternative form of к (k)
Further reading
- Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1977), “кг”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 1: А – М, Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 271
- Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “ґ”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina