ёрш
Russian
Etymology
Possibly from Proto-Slavic *jerъxь (“something thorny, jagged”), from *(j)erъx-.
Per Vasmer, the original meaning (still found dialectally) was "jagged nail". In the contemporary sense attested since late 15th century.
Cognate with Ukrainian йорж (jorž, “ruffe”). Compare also Russian еро́шить (jeróšitʹ, “to ruffle”), Russian еро́ховый (jeróxovyj, “branchy, gnarly”) (about a tree or wood, dialectal), Lithuanian erškė̃tis, Latvian ẽršk̨is (“thorn”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [jɵrʂ]
Audio (file)
Noun
ёрш • (jorš) m anim or m inan (genitive ерша́, nominative plural ерши́, genitive plural ерше́й, diminutive ёршик)
- ruff (Gymnocephalus cernua syn. Acerina cernua)
- bristle brush, bottle brush
- go-devil
- mixture of vodka and beer
Declension
Declension of ёрш (bian masc-form sibilant-stem accent-b)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ёрш jórš | ерши́ jerší |
| genitive | ерша́ jeršá | ерше́й jeršéj |
| dative | ершу́ jeršú | ерша́м jeršám |
| accusative animate inanimate | ерша́ jeršá | ерше́й jeršéj |
| ёрш jórš | ерши́ jerší | |
| instrumental | ершо́м jeršóm | ерша́ми jeršámi |
| prepositional | ерше́ jeršé | ерша́х jeršáx |
Derived terms
- ерши́ться impf (jeršítʹsja)
- ерши́стый (jeršístyj)
Related terms
- еро́шить impf (jeróšitʹ), взъеро́шить pf (vzʺjeróšitʹ)
Descendants
- → Ingrian: joršši
References
- Kiparsky, Valentin (1975) Russische historische Grammatik. Band III: Entwicklung des Wortschatzes (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 171
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ерш”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress