-ш
Bulgarian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *-ьšь, *-ъšь (“superlative suffix”). Used to form the superlative degree of adjectives, nowadays formed with the prefix най- (naj-).
Suffix
-ш • (-š)
- (dated, unproductive) Forms secondary adjectives with superlative meaning:
- ви́сен (vísen, “elevated”) (obsolete) → висш (visš, “superior”)
- ни́сък (nísǎk, “low”) → нисш (nisš, “inferior”)
- стар (star, “old, mature”) → старш (starš, “senior”)
- млад (mlad, “young, inexperienced”) → младш (mladš, “junior”)
- вели́к (velík, “great”) → велича́йш (veličájš, “majestic, superior”) (poetic)
- благ (blag, “polite”) → блаже́йш (blažéjš, “very noble, honorable”) (poetic)
Usage notes
Adjectives that had been extended diachronically with a secondary element such as -ен (-en) (from earlier i-stem adjectival declension), -ък (-ǎk) (from earlier u-stem adjectival declension) drop the secondary element when the superlative -ш (-š) is applied.
Derived terms
- -айшество (-ajšestvo), -ейшество (-ejšestvo, “-ness”)
Further reading
- Duridanov, Iv. (1991) , “Степени на сравнение на прилагателни имена”, in Граматика на Старобългарския език, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 197
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *-(v)ъšь, past active participle ending.
Suffix
-ш • (-š)
- Alternative form of -вш (-vš)