чука
Bulgarian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *čuka, limited to South Slavic languages. Possibly of Paleo-Balkan origin (compare Albanian çukë (“hill; beak”), Romanian cioc (“beak”)) or native related to Bulgarian чу́кам (čúkam, “to hew, to forge”), ку́ка (kúka, “hook”). In the later case, the word would be akin to English height.
Noun
чу́ка • (čúka) f
- rocky hillock, peak
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | чу́ка čúka | чу́ки čúki |
| definite | чу́ката čúkata | чу́ките čúkite |
Derived terms
- чука́р m (čukár), чука́ра f (čukára, “roocky peak, cusp”)
References
- чука in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
- чука in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Čitanka.Info)
Macedonian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈt͡ʃuka]
- Rhymes: -uka
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *čuka.
Noun
чука • (čuka) f (plural чуки)
- rocky peak
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | чука | чуки |
| definite unspecified | чуката | чуките |
| definite proximal | чукава | чукиве |
| definite distal | чукана | чукине |
| vocative | чуко | чуки |
Verb
чука • (čuka) impf (perfective чукне)
- (transitive, frequentative) to knock, strike, beat
- (intransitive, frequentative) to throb, beat (e.g. heart)
Conjugation
| l-participles | imperfect | aorist | non-finite forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | чукал | — | adjectival participle | чукан | ||
| feminine | чукала | — | adverbial participle | чукајќи | ||
| neuter | чукало | — | verbal noun | чукање | ||
| plural | чукале | — | perfect participle | чукано | ||
| present | imperfect | aorist | imperative | |||
| 1st singular | чукам | чукав | — | — | ||
| 2nd singular | чукаш | чукаше | — | чукај | ||
| 3rd singular | чука | чукаше | — | — | ||
| 1st plural | чукаме | чукавме | — | — | ||
| 2nd plural | чукате | чукавте | — | чукајте | ||
| 3rd plural | чукаат | чукаа | — | — | ||
| Compound tenses | ||||||
| perfect | сум чукал | present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle | ||||
| има-perfect | имам чукано | present of има + perfect participle | ||||
| pluperfect | бев чукал | imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle | ||||
| има-pluperfect | имав чукано | imperfect of има + perfect participle | ||||
| има-perfect reported | сум имал чукано | perfect of има + perfect participle | ||||
| future | ќе чукам | ќе + present | ||||
| има-future | ќе имам чукано | future of има + perfect participle | ||||
| future in the past | ќе чукав | ќе + imperfect | ||||
| има-future in the past | ќе имав чукано | future in the past of има + perfect participle | ||||
| future reported | ќе сум чукал | ќе + imperfect l-participle | ||||
| има-future reported | ќе сум имал чукано | future reported of има + perfect participle | ||||
| conditional | би чукал | би + imperfect l-participle | ||||
| има-conditional | би имал чукано | conditional of има + perfect participle | ||||
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *čuka, *čukъ. Compare Lithuanian čiùkaras (“sharp rock”), dialectal Bulgarian чука́ра (čukára) and dialectal Serbian чу̀кара (“sharp rock”). According to some others, the word is borrowed from pre-Slavic substratum due to the fact that it's absent in western Slavdom, the substratum language being possibly Albanian.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ʃûka/
- Hyphenation: чу‧ка
Noun
чу̏ка f (Latin spelling čȕka)
- (regional) hill or hillock on one side extremely steep, and the other milder sloped
- (regional) hilltop
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | чу̏ка | чуке |
| genitive | чуке | чу̑ка̄ |
| dative | чу̏ки | чукама |
| accusative | чуку | чуке |
| vocative | чуко | чуке |
| locative | чу̏ки | чукама |
| instrumental | чуком | чукама |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ʃûka/
- Hyphenation: чу‧ка
Noun
чу̏ка f (Latin spelling čȕka)
- (slang, regional) clock, watch
- (slang, regional) hour
- (slang, regional) heart, ticker
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | чу̏ка | чуке |
| genitive | чуке | чу̑ка̄ |
| dative | чу̏ки | чукама |
| accusative | чуку | чуке |
| vocative | чуко | чуке |
| locative | чу̏ки | чукама |
| instrumental | чуком | чукама |
References
- “чука” in Hrvatski jezični portal
- Skok, Petar (1971) Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 1, Zagreb: JAZU, page 340
- Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “*чука”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: National Ossoliński Institute, page 285