чета
Bulgarian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Church Slavonic чьсти (čĭsti), from Proto-Slavic *čisti. Colloquially and dialectally, the doublet читам (čitam) from Proto-Slavic *čitati is used more often, usually with an implicit intensive nuance.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [t͡ʃeˈtɤ]
Verb
чета́ • (četá) impf (perfective прочета́)
- to read
Conjugation
Conjugation of чета́ (conjugation 1.1, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | четя́щ četjášt | чел čel | четя́л četjál | че́тен čéten | чете́йки četéjki | |
| definite subject form | четя́щият četjáštijat | че́лият čélijat | — | че́теният čétenijat | |||
| definite object form | четя́щия četjáštija | че́лия čélija | — | че́тения čétenija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | четя́ща četjášta | че́ла čéla | четя́ла četjála | че́тена čétena | ||
| definite | четя́щата četjáštata | че́лата čélata | — | че́тената čétenata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | четя́що četjášto | че́ло čélo | четя́ло četjálo | че́тено čéteno | че́тене čétene | |
| definite | четя́щото četjáštoto | че́лото čéloto | — | че́теното čétenoto | че́тенето čéteneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | четя́щи četjášti | че́ли čéli | чете́ли četéli | че́тени čéteni | че́тения, че́тенета čétenija, čéteneta | |
| definite | четя́щите četjáštite | че́лите čélite | — | че́тените čétenite | че́тенията, че́тенетата čétenijata, čétenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | чета́ četá | чете́ш četéš | чете́ četé | чете́м četém | чете́те četéte | чета́т četát | |
| imperfect | четя́х četjáh | чете́ше četéše | чете́ше četéše | четя́хме četjáhme | четя́хте četjáhte | четя́ха četjáha | |
| aorist | че́тох čétoh | че́те čéte | че́те čéte | че́тохме čétohme | че́тохте čétohte | че́тоха čétoha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and четя́л m, четя́ла f, четя́ло n, or чете́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and четя́л m, четя́ла f, четя́ло n, or чете́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and четя́л m, четя́ла f, четя́ло n, or чете́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| чети́ četí | чете́те četéte | ||||||
Alternative forms
- читам (čitam) – dialectal
Related terms
- читател (čitatel)
- читалня (čitalnja)
- читалище (čitalište)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *četa. Usually refers to para-military troops which initially fought against various criminal bands - kırca adli (field criminals), dağlı adli (mountain criminals), etc. - and later participated in uprisings against the Ottoman rule over the Balkans.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈt͡ʃetə]
Noun
че́та • (čéta) f (related adjective че́тен)
- military unit, troop
- Synonyms: свод (svod), отряд (otrjad), полк (polk)
Declension
Declension of че́та
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | че́та čéta | че́ти čéti |
| definite | че́тата čétata | че́тите čétite |
Derived terms
- четник (četnik, “member of četa, chetnik”)
- четнишки (četniški) (adj.)
References
- чета in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
Macedonian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *četa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈt͡ʃɛta]
- Rhymes: -ɛta
Noun
чета • (četa) f
- troop, squad
Declension
Declension of чета
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | чета | чети |
| definite unspecified | четата | четите |
| definite proximal | четава | четиве |
| definite distal | четана | четине |
| vocative | чето | чети |
Russian
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic чета (četa, “troop, multitude, community”), from Proto-Slavic *četa, akin to Czech četa (“platoon, squad”), Serbo-Croatian чета, Bulgarian чета (četa), possibly Latin caterva.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [t͡ɕɪˈta]
Audio (file) - Homophone: Чита́ (Čitá)
Noun
чета́ • (četá) f inan (genitive четы́, nominative plural четы́, genitive plural чет)
- couple, pair
- match
- быть нечета́ кому-л ― bytʹ ne četá komu-l ― to be superior to smb; for them to be no match for you
Declension
Declension of чета́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-b)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | чета́ četá | четы́ četý |
| genitive | четы́ četý | че́т čét |
| dative | чете́ četé | чета́м četám |
| accusative | чету́ četú | четы́ četý |
| instrumental | чето́й, чето́ю četój, četóju | чета́ми četámi |
| prepositional | чете́ četé | чета́х četáx |
Pre-reform declension of чета́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-b)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | чета́ četá | четы́ četý |
| genitive | четы́ četý | че́тъ čét |
| dative | четѣ́ četě́ | чета́мъ četám |
| accusative | чету́ četú | четы́ četý |
| instrumental | чето́й, чето́ю četój, četóju | чета́ми četámi |
| prepositional | четѣ́ četě́ | чета́хъ četáx |
Related terms
- чётный (čótnyj), нечётный (nečótnyj)
- сочета́ние (sočetánije)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *četa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ʃêta/
- Hyphenation: че‧та
Noun
че̏та f (Latin spelling čȅta)
- troop, squad, host
Declension
Declension of чета
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | чета | чете |
| genitive | чете | че̑та̄ |
| dative | чети | четама |
| accusative | чету | чете |
| vocative | чето | чете |
| locative | чети | четама |
| instrumental | четом | четама |