царь
Old Church Slavonic
Etymology
Shortened from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar
Noun
цар҄ь • (carʹĭ) m
- emperor
- from Vita Constantini, 1800310-1800400:
- отъ селѣ нѣсмь азь ни цр҃ю слоуга ни иномоу никомоу же на земли, нъ тъкъмо б҃оу вьседрьжителю. не бѣхꙿ и бꙑхь и ѥсмь въ вѣкꙑ аминь.
- Henceforth I am neither a servant of the Emperor nor of anyone else on earth, but only of God Almighty. I was not, and I came to be, and am forever. Amen.
- from Vita Constantini, 1800310-1800400:
- tsar
Declension
Declension of царь (soft o-stem)
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | цар҄ь carʹĭ | цар҄ꙗ carʹja | цар҄и carʹi |
| Accusative | цар҄ь, цар҄ꙗ carʹĭ, carʹja | цар҄ꙗ carʹja | цар҄ѩ carʹję |
| Genitive | цар҄ꙗ carʹja | цар҄ю carʹju | цар҄ь carʹĭ |
| Locative | цар҄и carʹi | цар҄ю carʹju | цар҄ихъ carʹixŭ |
| Dative | цар҄ю carʹju | цар҄ѥма carʹjema | цар҄ѥмъ carʹjemŭ |
| Instrumental | цар҄ѥмь carʹjemĭ | цар҄ѥма carʹjema | цар҄и carʹi |
| Vocative | цар҄ю carʹju | цар҄ꙗ carʹja | цар҄и carʹi |
Russian
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Царь Алексей Михайлович
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from цѣсарь (cěsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [t͡sarʲ]
Audio (file)
Noun
царь • (carʹ) m anim (genitive царя́, nominative plural цари́, genitive plural царе́й, feminine цари́ца, related adjective ца́рский, diminutive царёк)
- tsar, Russian emperor
- king (figuratively, or referring to ancient or non-European monarchs)
- царь звере́й ― carʹ zveréj ― king of beasts
- царь и бог ― carʹ i box ― God Almighty
- царь небе́сный ― carʹ nebésnyj ― Heavenly Father
- царь царе́й ― carʹ caréj ― King of kings
- прицаре́ Горо́хе ― pri caré Goróxe ― in the year dot; a very long time ago; since the beginning
- Он без царя́ в голове́! ― On bez carjá v golové! ― He’s stupid!
Usage notes
- From 1721 to 1917, Russia was officially an Empire, and its monarchs referred to as импера́тор (imperátor) (officially), госуда́рь (gosudárʹ), or самоде́ржец (samodéržec). For much of that time period, referring to the monarch (in his role as the ruler of Russia) as царь (carʹ) would have been seen as a colloquialism. The Russian monarch's official list of titles over non-Russian territories did include e.g. царь По́льский (carʹ Pólʹskij), which in English was rendered as “King of Poland”.
Declension
Declension of царь (anim masc-form soft-stem accent-b)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ца́рь cárʹ | цари́ carí |
| genitive | царя́ carjá | царе́й caréj |
| dative | царю́ carjú | царя́м carjám |
| accusative | царя́ carjá | царе́й caréj |
| instrumental | царём carjóm | царя́ми carjámi |
| prepositional | царе́ caré | царя́х carjáx |
| vocative | царю́ carjú |
Pre-reform declension of царь (anim masc-form soft-stem accent-b)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ца́рь cárʹ | цари́ carí |
| genitive | царя́ carjá | царе́й caréj |
| dative | царю́ carjú | царя́мъ carjám |
| accusative | царя́ carjá | царе́й caréj |
| instrumental | царёмъ carjóm | царя́ми carjámi |
| prepositional | царѣ́ carě́ | царя́хъ carjáx |
| vocative | царю́ carjú |
Synonyms
- коро́ль (korólʹ)
Derived terms
- царе́вич (carévič)
- царе́вна (carévna)
- царёк (carjók)
- царепокло́нство (carepoklónstvo)
- цареуби́йство (careubíjstvo)
- цареуби́йца (careubíjca)
- цари́зм (carízm)
- цари́ть (carítʹ)
- цари́ца (caríca)
- ца́рский (cárskij)
- ца́рство (cárstvo)
- ца́рствование (cárstvovanije)
- ца́рствовать (cárstvovatʹ)
Related terms
- ке́сарь (késarʹ)
- це́зарь (cézarʹ)
Descendants
- → Arabic: تْسَار (tsār)
- → Armenian: ցար (cʿar)
- → Catalan: tsar
- → Chinese: 沙皇 (shāhuáng) (phonetic 沙 (shā) + semantic 皇 (huáng, “emperor”))
- → Vietnamese: sa hoàng
- → Danish: zar
- → Dutch: tsaar
- Afrikaans: tsaar
- → West Frisian: tsaar
- → English: tsar, czar, tzar, csar
- → Hindi: ज़ार (zār), त्सार (tsār)
- → Irish: sár
- → Japanese: ツァー (tsā)
- → Urdu: زار, تسار
- → Estonian: tsaar
- → Faroese: sarur
- → Finnish: tsaari
- → French: tsar, czar, tzar
- → Persian: تزار (tezâr)
- → Galician: tsar
- → German: Zar
- → Greek: τσάρος (tsáros)
- → Hungarian: cár
- → Ingrian: tsaari
- → Italian: zar
- → Japanese: ツァーリ (tsāri)
- → Khmer: ត្សារ (tsaa)
- → Kildin Sami: цоарр (cårr)
- → Korean: 차르 (chareu)
- → Latvian: cars
- → Lithuanian: caras
- → Norwegian: tsar
- → Polish: car
- → Portuguese: czar
- → Romanian: țar
- → Slovak: cár
- → Skolt Sami: caarr
- → Spanish: zar
- → Swedish: tsar
- → Thai: ซาร์ (saa)
- → Turkish: çar
- → Yiddish: צאַר (tsar)