хто

хто

Belarusian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kъto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos-tod, (compare *kʷis). Cognates include Ukrainian хто (xto), Russian кто (kto) and Polish kto.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xto]

• Audio

  (file)

Conjunction

хто • (xto)

1. who

Pronoun

хто • (xto)

1. who (relative pronoun)
2. who (interrogative pronoun)

Declension

Declension of хто (sg-only)

	singular
nominative	хто xto
genitive	каго́ kahó
dative	каму́ kamú
accusative	каго́ kahó
instrumental	кім kim
locative	кім kim

Derived terms

• не́хта (njéxta)
• ніхто́ (nixtó)
• хтось (xtosʹ)
• хто́сьці (xtósʹci)

See also

• што (što)

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Russian

Etymology

Compare Ukrainian хто (xto).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xto]

Conjunction

хто • (xto)

1. (proscribed, low colloquial, nonstandard, Ukraine, Belarus, Southern Russia) who, non-standard form of кто (kto)

Pronoun

хто • (xto)

1. (proscribed, low colloquial, nonstandard, Ukraine, Belarus, Southern Russia) who, non-standard form of кто (kto)

   Нухто тебе́ тако́е сказа́л?!

   Nu xto tebé takóje skazál?!

   Who on earth told you this?!

Usage notes

• The term is typical for Surzhyk or Balachka regionalisms.
• Seldom used in writing, only to convey the actual pronunciation of people, e.g. the accent of Don or Kuban Cossacks.

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Rusyn

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kъto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos-tod, (compare *kʷis).

Pronoun

хто • (xto)

1. who (relative pronoun)

   Хто мат інтерес зачати ся учіти русиньскый списовный язык?

   Xto mat interes začaty sja učity rusynʹskŷj spysovnŷj jazŷk?

   Who is interested in studying the official Rusyn language?

   [1]

References

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Ukrainian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kъto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos-tod, (compare *kʷis).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xtɔ]

• Audio

  (file)

Conjunction

хто • (xto)

1. who

Pronoun

хто • (xto)

1. who (relative pronoun)
2. who (interrogative pronoun)

Declension

Declension of хто (sg-only)

	singular
nominative	хто xto
genitive	кого́ kohó
dative	кому́ komú
accusative	кого́ kohó
instrumental	ким kym
locative	ко́му, кім kómu, kim
vocative	—

Derived terms

• хтось (xtosʹ)
• ніхто́ (nixtó)

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “хто”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka