хохол
Russian
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic *хохолъ (*xoxolŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ < *koxolъ. Compare Polish chochoł, Polish chachoł and Czech chochol.
The usage of хохол against Ukrainian people was derived from the оселе́дець (oselédecʹ), a traditional top-knot used by Ukrainian men. It acquired a derogatory connotation and is considered an ethnic slur as well as all the terms derived from it.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [xɐˈxoɫ]
Noun
хохо́л • (xoxól) m inan or m anim (genitive хохла́, nominative plural хохлы́, genitive plural хохло́в, feminine хохлу́шка or хохля́чка, diminutive хохоло́к)
- (inanimate) (birds) crest, (human hair) topknot, tuft of hair
- Synonyms: чуб (čub), чупрун (čuprun), вихо́р (vixór), оселе́дец (oselédec)
- (animate, derogatory, ethnic slur, offensive) a Ukrainian, khokhol
- Synonyms: украи́нец (ukraínec), укр (ukr), укро́п (ukróp), салое́д (salojéd), малоро́сс (maloróss), малору́сс (malorúss)
Usage notes
- Originally the term was for Ukrainians, Belarusians and Zaporizhzhia Cossacks and also for simple people ("В князья не прыгал из хохлов..." A. Pushkin). The term was not always pejorative in Russia and is sometimes used by Ukrainians themselves in jest or ironically ("Українці мої! Дай вам Боже і щастя, і сил. Можна бути хохлом, і не згіркне від того хлібина..." V. Baranov (Ukrainian writer) - "My Ukrainians! May God give you both happiness and strength. You can be a khokhol, and bread will not turn sour from that ..."). There are proper names based on "хохол" - e.g. Хохол, Хохольский, Хохол-Тростянка, etc.
Declension
Declension of хохо́л (bian masc-form hard-stem accent-b reduc)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | хохо́л xoxól | хохлы́ xoxlý |
| genitive | хохла́ xoxlá | хохло́в xoxlóv |
| dative | хохлу́ xoxlú | хохла́м xoxlám |
| accusative animate inanimate | хохла́ xoxlá | хохло́в xoxlóv |
| хохо́л xoxól | хохлы́ xoxlý | |
| instrumental | хохло́м xoxlóm | хохла́ми xoxlámi |
| prepositional | хохле́ xoxlé | хохла́х xoxláx |
Synonyms
- (Ukrainian): украи́нец (ukraínec, noun) (neutral term), укр (ukr) (offensive), укро́п (ukróp, noun) (offensive, "dill"), салое́д (salojéd) (offensive, "lard-eater"), малоро́сс (maloróss), малору́сс (malorúss) (offensive, "little Russian")
Derived terms
- хохлушка (xoxluška, noun)
- хохляцкий (xoxljackij, adjective)
- Хохляндия (Xoxljandija, noun)
Descendants
- → Armenian: խախոլ (xaxol)
- → Ingrian: hohla
- → Romanian: hahol (Moldova)
Ukrainian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [xɔˈxɔɫ]
Noun
хохо́л • (xoxól) m pers (genitive хохла́, nominative plural хохли́, genitive plural хохлі́в, feminine хохлу́шка, related adjective хохля́цький)
- (derogatory, ethnic slur, offensive) a Ukrainian, khokhol
Declension
Declension of хохо́л (pers hard masc-form accent-b reduc)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | хохо́л xoxól | хохли́ xoxlý |
| genitive | хохла́ xoxlá | хохлі́в xoxlív |
| dative | хохло́ві, хохлу́ xoxlóvi, xoxlú | хохла́м xoxlám |
| accusative | хохла́ xoxlá | хохлі́в xoxlív |
| instrumental | хохло́м xoxlóm | хохла́ми xoxlámy |
| locative | хохло́ві, хохлі́ xoxlóvi, xoxlí | хохла́х xoxláx |
| vocative | хо́хле xóxle | хохли́ xoxlý |
References
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “хохол”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka