хлѣбъ
Bulgarian
Noun
хлѣбъ • (hlěb) m
- (obsolete) Pre-1945 spelling of хляб (hljab).
Declension
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Old Church Slavonic
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz, compare Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs).
Noun
хлѣбъ • (xlěbŭ) m
- bread
- loaf of bread
Declension
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | хлѣбъ xlěbŭ | хлѣба xlěba | хлѣби xlěbi |
Accusative | хлѣбъ xlěbŭ | хлѣба xlěba | хлѣбꙑ xlěby |
Genitive | хлѣба xlěba | хлѣбоу xlěbu | хлѣбъ xlěbŭ |
Locative | хлѣбѣ xlěbě | хлѣбоу xlěbu | хлѣбѣхъ xlěběxŭ |
Dative | хлѣбоу xlěbu | хлѣбома xlěboma | хлѣбомъ xlěbomŭ |
Instrumental | хлѣбомь xlěbomĭ | хлѣбома xlěboma | хлѣбꙑ xlěby |
Vocative | хлѣбе xlěbe | хлѣба xlěba | хлѣби xlěbi |
Old East Slavic
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xlě̀bъ, further probably borrowed from Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs), 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍃 (hlaibs), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz.
Pronunciation
- (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /ˈxleːbʊ/
- (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /ˈxlʲeːbʊ/
- (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈxlʲɛːb/, /ˈxlʲeːb/
- Hyphenation: хлѣ‧бъ
Noun
хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ) m
- bread
- grain
- food, meal, treat
- subsistence
- prosphora
Declension
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | хлѣбъ xlěbŭ | хлѣба xlěba | хлѣби xlěbi |
Genitive | хлѣба xlěba | хлѣбу xlěbu | хлѣбъ xlěbŭ |
Dative | хлѣбу xlěbu | хлѣбома xlěboma | хлѣбомъ xlěbomŭ |
Accusative | хлѣбъ xlěbŭ | хлѣба xlěba | хлѣбꙑ xlěby |
Instrumental | хлѣбъмь xlěbŭmĭ | хлѣбома xlěboma | хлѣбꙑ xlěby |
Locative | хлѣбѣ xlěbě | хлѣбу xlěbu | хлѣбѣхъ xlěběxŭ |
Vocative | хлѣбе xlěbe | хлѣба xlěba | хлѣби xlěbi |
Descendants
- Old Ruthenian: хлѣбъ (xlěb), клѣбъ (klěb), хлебъ (xleb), chleb
- Belarusian: хлеб (xljeb)
- Rusyn: хлїб (xljib)
- Ukrainian: хліб (xlib)
- Russian: хлеб (xleb)
References
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912), “хлѣбъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1371
Old Ruthenian
Alternative forms
- клѣбъ (klěb), хлебъ (xleb), chleb
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xlě̀bъ, probably borrowed from Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs), 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍃 (hlaibs), from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz. Cognate with Russian хлеб (xleb).
Noun
хлѣбъ • (xlěb) m inan (related adjective хлѣ́бный)
- bread
- loaf of bread
- Synonym: палени́ца (palenícʲa)
- food, meal
- grain
Descendants
- Belarusian: хлеб (xljeb)
- Rusyn: хлїб (xljib)
- Ukrainian: хліб (xlib)
Further reading
- Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1978), “хлєбъ”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Н – Ѳ), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 507
- Bulyka, A. M., editor (2016), “хлебъ”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), issue 36 (фолкга – чорно), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 82
Russian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [xlʲep]
Noun
хлѣбъ • (xlěb) m inan (genitive хлѣ́ба, nominative plural хлѣ́бы, genitive plural хлѣ́бовъ)
- Pre-1918 spelling of хлеб (xleb, “bread, loaf”).
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | хлѣ́бъ xlě́b | хлѣ́бы xlě́by |
genitive | хлѣ́ба xlě́ba | хлѣ́бовъ xlě́bov |
dative | хлѣ́бу xlě́bu | хлѣ́бамъ xlě́bam |
accusative | хлѣ́бъ xlě́b | хлѣ́бы xlě́by |
instrumental | хлѣ́бомъ xlě́bom | хлѣ́бами xlě́bami |
prepositional | хлѣ́бѣ xlě́bě | хлѣ́бахъ xlě́bax |
Noun
хлѣбъ • (xlěb) m inan (genitive хлѣ́ба, nominative plural хлѣба́, genitive plural хлѣбо́въ)
- Pre-1918 spelling of хлеб (xleb, “grain”).
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | хлѣ́бъ xlě́b | хлѣба́△ xlěbá△ |
genitive | хлѣ́ба xlě́ba | хлѣбо́въ xlěbóv |
dative | хлѣ́бу xlě́bu | хлѣба́мъ xlěbám |
accusative | хлѣ́бъ xlě́b | хлѣба́△ xlěbá△ |
instrumental | хлѣ́бомъ xlě́bom | хлѣба́ми xlěbámi |
prepositional | хлѣ́бѣ xlě́bě | хлѣба́хъ xlěbáx |
△ Irregular.