хем
Bulgarian
Etymology
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish هم (“and also”) (whence modern Turkish hem), of Persian origin. Some of the grammatical functions are inherited/influenced from the locative enclitic Proto-Slavic *jemь.
Conjunction
хем • (hem)
- Used for emphasized conjunction: and/but also
- Synonyms: и (i), още (ošte)
- Накажи́ еди́ния, хем дру́гия! ― Nakaží edínija, hem drúgija! ― Punish that one and also the other!
- оби́чам сла́дко, хем соле́но ― obíčam sládko, hem soléno ― to like sweet [food] but also salty [food]
- (obsolescent) Used to emphasize the manner, place, or objective in which something transpires.
- Synonym: ей (ej)
- сто́яхем там ― stója hem tam ― to be standing just over there
- пола́гам не́щохем ка́кто е пока́зано ― polágam néšto hem kákto e pokázano ― to set/install something just as how it is shown
Usage notes
Conjugation хем carries a slight sense of contrast. Arguments introduced through it are typically separated by comma (unlike otherwise synonymous и (i)).
Alternative forms
- ем (em) – dialectal-colloquial, with silent x-
Derived terms
- хем ... хем ... (hem ... hem ...)
References
- хем in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
- хем in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Čitanka.Info)
- Nayden Gerov; Тодор Панчев (1904), “*хемъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 496
Tuvan
Etymology
From Yeniseian. Compare Kott kem (“river”). Compare Tofa һем (hem). Compare Middle Mongol [Term?], Middle Chinese 謙 (*kʰem, “Yenisei”), and also Written Oirat ᡍᡄᡏ (kem).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [x̟e̞m]
- (Altay Prefecture) IPA(key): /kem/
- Hyphenation: хем
Noun
хем • (xem) (definite accusative хемни, plural хемнер)
- river
Declension
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
- Хем-Белдир (Xem-Beldir)