улемс
Moksha
Etymology
From Proto-Mordvinic *uĺə-, from Proto-Uralic *wole-.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ulʲəms/
Verb
улемс • (ulems)
- (intransitive) to be
- O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
- Ванды тяка пингть улян тяса
- Vandy tjaka pingtʹ uljan tjasa
- Tomorrow, same time I will be here
- Ульхтяма (уледа) содавикс
- Ulʹxtjama (uleda) sodaviks
- Let us introduce ourselves ([you pl.] please introduce yourselves) to each other [улемс содавикс = to be familiar]
- Мзяра ши тинь ульхтяда тяса?
- Mzjara ši tinʹ ulʹxtjada tjasa?
- How many days will you be here?
- Уледе тинь «Мокша» или «Сура» ваймама кудса?
- Ulede tinʹ «Mokša» ili «Sura» vajmama kudsa?
- Were you in the guesthouse Mokša or Sura?
- O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
- (intransitive, with the possessed in possessive and the possessor in genitive) to have
- O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
- Кинь ули мялец корхтамс?
- Kinʹ uli mjalec korxtams?
- Who wants (~ has a wish) to speak? (lit. "who is their wish to speak?")
- O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
Usage notes
The usage of this verb closely follows Russian in many cases. In Russian the usage of the verb "to be" in present is extremely limited, thus Moksha:
- Тя мазы! ― Tja mazy! ― This is beautiful! (lit. "this beautiful!")
- Тя аф мазы ― Tja af mazy ― This is not beautiful (lit. "this not beautiful")
The future of the verb "to be" is regularly used in Russian, since Moksha present doubles as future, present conjugation can often be taken to mean future.
This verb is usually not used in negative, instead the negative particles аф (af) and аш (aš) and their conjugated forms are used.
Outside of Russian influence Moksha conjugates nominals to express being some entity or some quality, e.g., васенцесян, васенцесят (vasencesjan, vasencesjat, “I'm the first, you're the first”).
Conjugation
Subjective conjugation of улемс
| Present / future | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular — мон (mon) | улян (uljan) | |
| 2nd singular —тон (ton) | улят (uljat) | |
| 3rd singular —сон (son) | ули (uli) | |
| 1st plural —минь (minʹ) | ульхтяма (ulʹxtjama) | |
| 2nd plural —тинь (tinʹ) | ульхтяда (ulʹxtjada) | |
| 3rd plural —синь (sinʹ) | улихть (ulixtʹ) | |
| Past I | ||
| 1st singular — мон (mon) | улень (ulenʹ) | |
| 2nd singular —тон (ton) | улеть (uletʹ) | |
| 3rd singular —сон (son) | ульсь (ulʹsʹ) | |
| 1st plural —минь (minʹ) | улеме (uleme) | |
| 2nd plural —тинь (tinʹ) | уледе (ulede) | |
| 3rd plural —синь (sinʹ) | ульсть (ulʹstʹ) | |
| Compound future | ||
| 1st singular — мон (mon) | карман улема (karman ulema) | |
| 2nd singular —тон (ton) | кармат улема (karmat ulema) | |
| 3rd singular —сон (son) | кармай улема (karmaj ulema) | |
| 1st plural —минь (minʹ) | карматама улема (karmatama ulema) | |
| 2nd plural —тинь (tinʹ) | карматада улема (karmatada ulema) | |
| 3rd plural —синь (sinʹ) | кармайхть улема (karmajxtʹ ulema) | |
| Imperative | ||
| 2nd singular —тон (ton) | ульхть (ulʹxtʹ) | |
| 2nd plural —тинь (tinʹ) | уледа (uleda) | |
| Non-finite forms | ||
| verbal noun | улема (ulema) | |
| past passive participle | — | |
| agentive / pres. act. part. | ули (uli) | |
| present passive participle | — | |
Subjective conjugation in other moods is possible.
Objective conjugation is possible for transitive verbs, see, for example, кундамс (kundams).
Objective conjugation is possible for transitive verbs, see, for example, кундамс (kundams).
Coordinate terms
- ащемс (aščems)