тюрьма
Russian
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic тюрма (tjurma), traditionally believed to be derived from Polish turma, from Middle High German turm, turn, from Old French *torn, from Latin turrem/turrim, accusative singular of turris, whence English tower. But more likely from Proto-Turkic *türmä (“prison”); compare Tatar төрмә (törmä, “prison”), Kyrgyz түрмө (türmö, “prison”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [tʲʉrʲˈma]
Audio (file)
Noun
тюрьма́ • (tjurʹmá) f inan (genitive тюрьмы́, nominative plural тю́рьмы, genitive plural тю́рем, related adjective тюре́мный)
- prison, jail
Declension
Declension of тюрьма́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-d reduc)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | тюрьма́ tjurʹmá | тю́рьмы tjúrʹmy |
| genitive | тюрьмы́ tjurʹmý | тю́рем tjúrem |
| dative | тюрьме́ tjurʹmé | тю́рьмам tjúrʹmam |
| accusative | тюрьму́ tjurʹmú | тю́рьмы tjúrʹmy |
| instrumental | тюрьмо́й, тюрьмо́ю tjurʹmój, tjurʹmóju | тю́рьмами tjúrʹmami |
| prepositional | тюрьме́ tjurʹmé | тю́рьмах tjúrʹmax |
Pre-reform declension of тюрьма́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-d reduc)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | тюрьма́ tjurʹmá | тю́рьмы tjúrʹmy |
| genitive | тюрьмы́ tjurʹmý | тю́ремъ tjúrem |
| dative | тюрьмѣ́ tjurʹmě́ | тю́рьмамъ tjúrʹmam |
| accusative | тюрьму́ tjurʹmú | тю́рьмы tjúrʹmy |
| instrumental | тюрьмо́й, тюрьмо́ю tjurʹmój, tjurʹmóju | тю́рьмами tjúrʹmami |
| prepositional | тюрьмѣ́ tjurʹmě́ | тю́рьмахъ tjúrʹmax |
Related terms
- тюре́мщик (tjurémščik), тюре́мщица (tjurémščica)
- тюре́мник (tjurémnik)
- тюря́га (tjurjága) (slang)
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: türmə
- → Finnish: tyrmä
- → Kildin Sami: туррьм (turr’m)
- → Yakut: түрмэ (türme)
- Yiddish: טורמעס (turmes)
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “тюрьма”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress