сом
Bulgarian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *somъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsɔm]
Noun
сом • (som) m
- sheatfish (Silurus glanis)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | сом som | со́мове sómove |
| definite (subject form) | со́мът sómǎt | со́мовете sómovete |
| definite (object form) | со́ма sóma | |
| count form | — | со́ма sóma |
| vocative form | со́ме sóme | со́мове sómove |
Ingush
Etymology
Akin to Chechen стом (stom).
Noun
сом • (som)
- fruit
Kazakh
| Cyrillic | сом (som) |
|---|---|
| Arabic | سوم |
| Latin |
Etymology
As a unit of currency, the Turkic root *som literally means pure, implying pure gold.
Adjective
сом • (som)
- solid, dense
- pure
Noun
сом • (som)
- som (national unit of currency in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan)
- (historical) ruble (under the USSR)
Kyrgyz
Etymology
As a unit of currency, the Turkic root *som literally means pure, implying pure gold.
Noun
сом • (som) (definite [[{{{1}}}#Kyrgyz|{{{1}}}]], plural [[{{{2}}}#Kyrgyz|{{{2}}}]])
- som (national unit of currency in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan)
- (historical) ruble (under the USSR)
Adjective
сом • (som) (comparative [[{{{1}}}#Kyrgyz|{{{1}}}]], superlative [[{{{2}}}#Kyrgyz|{{{2}}}]])
- pure
Macedonian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *somъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sɔm]
Audio (file)
Noun
сом • (som) m (diminutive сомче)
- catfish
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | сом | сомови |
| definite unspecified | сомот | сомовите |
| definite proximal | сомов | сомовиве |
| definite distal | сомон | сомовине |
| vocative | сому | сомови |
| count form | — | сома |
Derived terms
- сомиште n (somište)
Mongolian
| Mongolian | Cyrillic |
|---|---|
| ᠰᠣᠮ (som) | сом (som) |
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsɔm/
- Syllabification: сом (1 syllable)
Noun
сом • (som)
- (dialectal) wooden fermentation bucket
Declension
| attributive | сом som | |
|---|---|---|
| singular / indefinite | definite plural | |
| nominative | сом som | сомууд somuud |
| genitive | сомын somyn | сомуудын somuudyn |
| accusative | сомыг somyg | сомуудыг somuudyg |
| dative-locative | сомд somd | сомуудад somuudad |
| ablative | сомоос somoos | сомуудаас somuudaas |
| instrumental | сомоор somoor | сомуудаар somuudaar |
| comitative | сомтой somtoj | сомуудтай somuudtaj |
| privative | сомгүй somgüj | сомуудгүй somuudgüj |
| directive | сом руу som ruu | сомууд руу somuud ruu |
| singular / indefinite | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | сомоо somoo | сомуудаа somuudaa |
| genitive | сомынхоо somynxoo | сомуудынхаа somuudynxaa |
| accusative | сомыгоо somygoo | сомуудыгаа somuudygaa |
| dative-locative | сомдоо somdoo | сомууддаа somuuddaa |
| ablative | сомоосоо somoosoo | сомуудаасаа somuudaasaa |
| instrumental | сомоороо somooroo | сомуудаараа somuudaaraa |
| comitative | сомтойгоо somtojgoo | сомуудтайгаа somuudtajgaa |
| privative | сомгүйгээ somgüjgee | сомуудгүйгээ somuudgüjgee |
| directive | сом руугаа som ruugaa | сомууд руугаа somuud ruugaa |
| independent genitive | singular / indefinite | definite plural |
|---|---|---|
| singular possession | сомынх somynx | сомуудынх somuudynx |
| collective possession | сомынхон somynxon | сомуудынхан somuudynxan |
Russian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [som]
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *somъ.
Noun
сом • (som) m anim (genitive сома́, nominative plural сомы́, genitive plural сомо́в)
- catfish, sheatfish
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | со́м sóm | сомы́ somý |
| genitive | сома́ somá | сомо́в somóv |
| dative | сому́ somú | сома́м somám |
| accusative | сома́ somá | сомо́в somóv |
| instrumental | сомо́м somóm | сома́ми somámi |
| prepositional | соме́ somé | сома́х somáx |
Related terms
- сомообра́зные pl (somoobráznyje)
- со́мовые pl (sómovyje)
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Kyrgyz сом (som), Uzbek сўм (soʻm)/soʻm.
Noun
сом • (som) m inan (genitive со́ма, nominative plural со́мы, genitive plural со́мов)
- (numismatics) som, so'm
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | со́м sóm | со́мы sómy |
| genitive | со́ма sóma | со́мов sómov |
| dative | со́му sómu | со́мам sómam |
| accusative | со́м sóm | со́мы sómy |
| instrumental | со́мом sómom | со́мами sómami |
| prepositional | со́ме sóme | со́мах sómax |
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sôm/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *somъ.
Noun
со̏м m (Latin spelling sȍm)
- catfish
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | со̏м | со̀мови |
| genitive | сома | сомова |
| dative | сому | сомовима |
| accusative | сома | сомове |
| vocative | соме | сомови |
| locative | сому | сомовима |
| instrumental | сомом | сомовима |
Etymology 2
The origins of this term are unclear. Possibly because som (catfish) is a big fish. Others believe it is due to the 1000 dinar banknotes of 1955, on which the person depicted appears to have two fish eyes (instead of welding goggles) on his head.
Noun
со̏м m (Latin spelling sȍm)
- (colloquial) grand (a thousand of something, especially but not only money)
Southern Altai
Etymology
As a unit of currency, the Turkic root *som literally means pure, implying pure gold.
Adjective
сом • (som)
- unbroken
References
V. verbickij, editor (1884), “сом”, in Slovarʹ Altajskago i Aladagskago narečij tjurkskago jazyka, →ISBN, pages 305
Ukrainian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sɔm]
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *somъ.
Noun
сом • (som) m animal (genitive со́ма, nominative plural со́ми, genitive plural со́мів)
- catfish
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | сом som | со́ми sómy |
| genitive | со́ма sóma | со́мів sómiv |
| dative | со́мові, со́му sómovi, sómu | со́мам sómam |
| accusative | со́ма sóma | со́ми, со́мів sómy, sómiv |
| instrumental | со́мом sómom | со́мами sómamy |
| locative | со́мові, со́мі sómovi, sómi | со́мах sómax |
| vocative | со́ме sóme | со́ми sómy |
Noun
сом • (som) m inan (genitive со́ма, nominative plural со́ми, genitive plural со́мів)
- som (currency)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | сом som | со́ми sómy |
| genitive | со́ма sóma | со́мів sómiv |
| dative | со́мові, со́му sómovi, sómu | со́мам sómam |
| accusative | сом som | со́ми sómy |
| instrumental | со́мом sómom | со́мами sómamy |
| locative | со́мі sómi | со́мах sómax |
| vocative | со́ме sóme | со́ми sómy |
References
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “сом”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka