сестра
Bulgarian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sestra, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sɛˈstra]
Noun
сестра́ • (sestrá) f (related adjective се́стрин, diminutive сестри́ца or сестри́чка)
- sister (a female sibling)
- sister, nun (a female member of a religious community)
- Synonym: калугерка (kalugerka)
- (with медицинска (medicinska)) a nurse
Declension
Declension of сестра́
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | сестра́ sestrá | сестри́ sestrí |
| definite | сестра́та sestráta | сестри́те sestríte |
| vocative form | се́стро séstro | сестри́ sestrí |
Related terms
- медицинска сестра (medicinska sestra)
- старша сестра (starša sestra)
- хирургическа сестра (hirurgičeska sestra)
Macedonian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sestra, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsɛstra]
Audio (file)
Noun
сестра • (sestra) f (masculine брат, related adjective сестрин or сестрински, diminutive сестричка or сестриче or сестрица, augmentative сестриште)
- sister
- (colloquial) Used to designate someone resembling the person in question, especially in character (hyperbolically suggesting that she could therefore be that person's sister).
- Ellipsis of медицинска сестра (medicinska sestra, “nurse”).
- (Christianity) nun
- Synonyms: калуѓерка (kaluǵerka), монахиња (monahinja)
Declension
Declension of сестра
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | сестра | сестри |
| definite unspecified | сестрата | сестрите |
| definite proximal | сестрава | сестриве |
| definite distal | сестрана | сестрине |
| vocative | сестро | сестри |
Derived terms
- полусестра f (polusestra)
- посестри (posestri)
- посестрима f (posestrima)
- посестримица f (posestrimica)
- посестримство n (posestrimstvo)
- присестра f (prisestra)
- сестринство n (sestrinstvo)
- сестрична f (sestrična)
- сестричница f (sestričnica)
Old Church Slavonic
Alternative forms
- Glagolitic: ⱄⰵⱄⱅⱃⰰ (sestra)
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sestra, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.
Noun
сестра • (sestra) f
- sister
Declension
Declension of сестра (hard a-stem)
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | сестра sestra | сестрѣ sestrě | сестрꙑ sestry |
| Accusative | сестрѫ sestrǫ | сестрѣ sestrě | сестрꙑ sestry |
| Genitive | сестрꙑ sestry | сестроу sestru | сестръ sestrŭ |
| Locative | сестрѣ sestrě | сестроу sestru | сестрахъ sestraxŭ |
| Dative | сестрѣ sestrě | сестрама sestrama | сестрамъ sestramŭ |
| Instrumental | сестроѭ sestrojǫ | сестрама sestrama | сестрами sestrami |
| Vocative | сестро sestro | сестрѣ sestrě | сестрꙑ sestry |
See also
Old Church Slavic family terms
| отьчьство (otĭčĭstvo, “family”) | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|
| parent родител҄ь (roditelʹĭ) | отьць (otĭcĭ), авва (avva, “father”) | мати (mati, “mother”) |
| sibling | братръ (bratrŭ, “brother”) | сестра (sestra, “sister”) |
| child | сꙑнъ (synŭ, “son”) | дъщи (dŭšti, “daughter”) |
| grandparent | дѣдъ (dědŭ, “grandfather”) | баба (baba, “grandmother”) |
| grandchild | въноукъ (vŭnukŭ, “grandson”) | – (“granddaughter”) |
| great-grandparent | прѣдѣдъ (prědědŭ, “great-grandfather”) | – (“great-grandmother”) |
| mother's sibling | оуи (ui, “maternal uncle”) | – (“maternal aunt”) |
| sibling's child | братанъ (bratanŭ), сꙑновь (synovĭ), сꙑновьць (synovĭcĭ, “nephew”) | братана (bratana, “niece”) |
| cousin | братоучѧдъ (bratučędŭ, “male cousin”) | братоучѧда (bratučęda, “female cousin”) |
| spouse | мѫжь (mǫžĭ), чрьтожьникъ (črĭtožĭnikŭ), малъженъ (malŭženŭ, “husband”) | жена (žena), чрьтожьница (črĭtožĭnica), съложь (sŭložĭ, “wife”) |
| parent of wife | тьсть (tĭstĭ, “father-in-law (wife's father)”) | тьща (tĭšta, “mother-in-law (wife's mother)”) |
| parent of husband | свекръ (svekrŭ, “father-in-law (husband's father)”) | свекрꙑ (svekry, “mother-in-law (husband's father)”) |
| spouse of child | зѧть (zętĭ, “son-in-law (daughter's husband)”) | снъха (snŭxa, “daughter-in-law (son's wife)”) |
| spouse of husband's brother | – | етрꙑ (etry), кѫпетра (kǫpetra, “sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)”) |
| stepchild | пасторъкъ (pastorŭkŭ, “stepson”) | – (“stepdaughter”) |
Old East Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sestra, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.
Pronunciation
- (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /sɛˈstrɑ/
- (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /sʲɛˈstra/
- (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /sʲɛˈstra/
- Hyphenation: се‧стра
Noun
сестра (sestra) f
- sister
Declension
Declension of сестра (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | сестра sestra | сестрѣ sestrě | сестрꙑ sestry |
| Genitive | сестрꙑ sestry | сестру sestru | сестръ sestrŭ |
| Dative | сестрѣ sestrě | сестрама sestrama | сестрамъ sestramŭ |
| Accusative | сестрѫ sestrǫ | сестрѣ sestrě | сестрꙑ sestry |
| Instrumental | сестроѭ sestrojǫ | сестрама sestrama | сестрами sestrami |
| Locative | сестрѣ sestrě | сестру sestru | сестрахъ sestraxŭ |
| Vocative | сестро sestro | сестрѣ sestrě | сестрꙑ sestry |
Descendants
- Belarusian: сястра́ (sjastrá)
- Russian: сестра́ (sestrá)
- Rusyn: сестра́ (sestrá)
- Ukrainian: сестра́ (sestrá)
References
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912), “сестра”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 3: Р – Ꙗ и дополненія, Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 340
Russian
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic сестра (sestra), from Proto-Slavic *sestra, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sʲɪˈstra]
Audio (file)
Noun
сестра́ • (sestrá) f anim (genitive сестры́, nominative plural сёстры, genitive plural сестёр, diminutive сестрёнка or сестри́ца or сестри́чка)
- sister
- родна́ясестра́ ― rodnája sestrá ― sister (sibling)
- двою́родная сестра́ ― dvojúrodnaja sestrá ― cousin, first cousin
- трою́родная сестра́ ― trojúrodnaja sestrá ― second cousin
- единокро́вная сестра́ ― jedinokróvnaja sestrá ― paternal half sister
- единоутро́бная сестра́ ― jedinoutróbnaja sestrá ― maternal half sister
- сво́дная сестра́ ― svódnaja sestrá ― stepsister
- медици́нскаясестра́ ― medicínskaja sestrá ― nurse
Declension
Declension of сестра́ (anim fem-form hard-stem accent-d reduc irreg)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | сестра́ sestrá | сёстры sjóstry |
| genitive | сестры́ sestrý | сестёр△ sestjór△ |
| dative | сестре́ sestré | сёстрам sjóstram |
| accusative | сестру́ sestrú | сестёр△ sestjór△ |
| instrumental | сестро́й, сестро́ю sestrój, sestróju | сёстрами sjóstrami |
| prepositional | сестре́ sestré | сёстрах sjóstrax |
△ Irregular.
Pre-reform declension of сестра́ (anim fem-form hard-stem accent-d reduc irreg)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | сестра́ sestrá | сёстры sjóstry |
| genitive | сестры́ sestrý | сестёръ△ sestjór△ |
| dative | сестрѣ́ sestrě́ | сёстрамъ sjóstram |
| accusative | сестру́ sestrú | сестёръ△ sestjór△ |
| instrumental | сестро́й, сестро́ю sestrój, sestróju | сёстрами sjóstrami |
| prepositional | сестрѣ́ sestrě́ | сёстрахъ sjóstrax |
△ Irregular.
Related terms
- се́стрин (séstrin)
- сестри́нский (sestrínskij)
- медсестра́ (medsestrá)
Descendants
- → Armenian: սեստրա (sestra)
- → Yakut: сиэстэрэ (siestere)
Rusyn
Etymology
From Old East Slavic сестра (sestra), from Proto-Slavic *sestra, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.
Noun
сестра́ • (sestrá) f
- sister
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sestra, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sěstra/
- Hyphenation: сес‧тра
Noun
сѐстра f (Latin spelling sèstra)
- sister
- nun, short for часна сестра
- nurse, short for медицинска сестра
Declension
Declension of сестра
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | сѐстра | сестре |
| genitive | сестре | сеста́ра̄ |
| dative | сестри | сестрама |
| accusative | сестру | сестре |
| vocative | се̏стро | сестре |
| locative | сестри | сестрама |
| instrumental | сестром | сестрама |
Derived terms
- сѐстрица
- се̏стрична
- се̏стрић
- сѐстрӣн
- сѐстрӣнскӣ
- сѐстрӣнство
Ukrainian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sestra, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.
Pronunciation
Audio (file) - IPA(key): [seˈstra]
Noun
сестра́ • (sestrá) f pers (genitive сестри́, nominative plural се́стри, genitive plural се́стер or сесте́р)
- sister
- (colloquial) nurse
Declension
Declension of сестра́ (pers hard fem-form accent-d reduc)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | сестра́ sestrá | се́стри séstry |
| genitive | сестри́ sestrý | се́стер, сесте́р séster, sestér |
| dative | сестрі́ sestrí | се́страм séstram |
| accusative | сестру́ sestrú | се́стер, сесте́р séster, sestér |
| instrumental | сестро́ю sestróju | се́страми séstramy |
| locative | сестрі́ sestrí | се́страх séstrax |
| vocative | се́стро séstro | се́стри séstry |
Related terms
- медична сестра (medyčna sestra)
- двоюрідна сестра (dvojuridna sestra)
References
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “сестра”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka